Term
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Definition
| Groups of like-minded people who band together in an attempt to take control of government. Parties represent the primary connection between ordinary citizens and the public officials they elect. p. 205 |
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Term
| single member simple plurality (SMSP) system |
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Definition
| Electoral system in which the country is divided into geographic districts and the candidates who win the most votes within their districts are elected. p. 223 |
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Term
| proportional representation (PR) |
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Definition
| Electoral system in which parties receive a share of seats in parliament that is proportional to the popular vote they receive. p. 223 |
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Term
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Definition
| When one party holds the presidency but does not control both houses of Congress. (3 issues). p. 209 |
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Term
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Definition
| A meeting of each party's members in the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. p. 271 |
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Term
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Definition
| Elections held for the purpose of selecting or instructing national convention delegates. p. 270 |
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Term
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Definition
| The extended period of campaigning during the permanent campaign. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rush for states to have the earliest primary following Iowa and New Hampshire. |
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Term
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Definition
| Legislature whose members serve full-time and for long periods. (p. 306) |
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Term
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Definition
| The electoral advantage a candidate enjoys by virtue of being an incumbent, over and above his or her other personal and political characteristics. p. 211 |
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Term
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Definition
| The allocation of House seats to the states after each decennial census. p. 307 |
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Term
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Definition
| Drawing new boundaries of congressional districts, usually after the decennial census. p. 307 |
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Term
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Definition
| Drawing boundary lines of congressional districts in order to confer an advantage on some partisan or political interest. p. 308 |
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Term
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Definition
| The alternation of periods of economic growth with periods of economic slowdown. p. 547 |
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Term
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Definition
| A slowdown in economic activity, officially defined as a decline that persists for two quarters (six months). p. 547 |
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Term
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Definition
| A sustained rise in price levels such that people need more money to purchase the same amount of goods and services. p. 547 |
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Term
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Definition
| The sum total of government taxing and spending decisions, which determines the level of the deficit or surplus. p. 550 |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount by which annual spending exceeds revenue. p. 550 |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount by which annual revenue exceeds spending. p. 550 |
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Term
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Definition
| The actions taken by government to vary the supply of money in an effort to stabilize the business cycle. p. 554 |
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Term
| the Federal Reserve System |
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Definition
| The country's central bank, which executes monetary policy by manipulating the supply of funds that member banks can lend. p. 555 |
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Term
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Definition
| Conduct of relations among nation-states. p. 572 |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory that explains why presidents exercise greater power over foreign affairs than over domestic policy. p. 572 |
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Term
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Definition
| 1973 congressional resolution requiring the president to notify Congress formally upon ordering U.S. troops into military action. p. 578 |
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Term
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Definition
| Official agreements with foreign countries that must be ratified by the Senate. p. 580 |
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Term
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Definition
| Legal contracts with foreign countries that require only a presidential signature. p. 580 |
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Term
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Definition
| Those who say that U.S. foreign policy should be guided primarily by democratic principles-the spread of liberty, equality, human rights, and respect for international law throughout the world. p. 593 |
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Term
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Definition
| Those who say that U.S. foreign policy best protects democracy when it safeguards its own economic and military strength. p. 593 |
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