Term
| Politics is the management of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An understanding of politics in American states and communities requires an understanding of both the _______ ________ confronting society and the _______ _______ and government organizations designed to manage conflict. |
|
Definition
major conflicts
political process |
|
|
Term
| Name some social problems that have a political dimension to them. |
|
Definition
| racial tensions, school disputes, violence, drugs, economic segregation, minority concerns, poverty, public services, health services |
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|
Term
| The task of political science is to not only ______ ________ and public policy in American communities, but also to _______ _____ through comparative analysis. |
|
Definition
describe politics
explain differences |
|
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Term
| A study which compares political institutions and behaviors from state to state community in order to identify and explain similarities or differences |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Comparative analysis helps us answer the question as to _____ states do things the way they do. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The American states and local communities provide excellent laboratories for applying comparative analysis because of their _______________________________________. These cause them to have differences/similarities in social and economic conditions. |
|
Definition
| unique historical backgrounds |
|
|
Term
| Students of state politics must search for ______ ____ ______ conditions that appear most influential in shaping state politics over time in all the states. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name one of the most influential variables that affect state politics and public policy and how is is measured (p 8) |
|
Definition
Economic development
(Pop. growth, income, Education) |
|
|
Term
| An influential variable defines broadly to include three components: population growth, income, and education. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Name some examples of the uniqueness of the history and culture in some states |
|
Definition
LA has French-Spanish background
Texas was independent republic 9 years
11 southern states were confederacy
Hawaii combines asian and european culture
Alaska is rugged and was separated from mainland
Wisconsin and Minnesota were Scandinavian
Utah was founded by mormons |
|
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Term
| In 1783 England gave up its claims to the 13 original colonies and the land along ____ __________ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In ______, we made the Louisiana purchase from France which more than doubled the size of the current nation. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1817 the border between the US and Canada was established at the ______ _____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1846 Britain relinquished _______. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1819 ________ relinquished Florida in the Adams-Onis Treaty. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Texas declared its independence from MX in 1836 but nine years later it joined the US as the ______ state. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1848 Congress gained the territories from MX that would become California, _______, Utah, _________, and New Mexico. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What year was Texas Annexed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What year was the Gadsden purchase made? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hawaii was the _____ state to be annexed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the American territories |
|
Definition
| Guam, American Samoa, Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico |
|
|
Term
| What year did the confederacy form? End? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alaska was purchased from ________ in 1867 for 7.2 million and was often called "Seward's Folly" or "Seward's Icebox" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 11 that ceded |
|
Definition
| Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. |
|
|
Term
| Which amendments had to be ratified for the confederacy return to the nation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Puerto Rico is a commonwealth, which means |
|
Definition
| it is a self governing community with American protection |
|
|
Term
| What is a territory citizen subject to? Exempt from? |
|
Definition
Subject to tax, social security, benefits, and war draft
Exempt from voting in US elections |
|
|
Term
| The unexplained variation in partisan affiliations and ideological predispositions that we cannot explain by social or economic factors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When historically, economically and demographically a state should appear as one party, but it is the other. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Historical styles and traditions in states politics that cannot be explained by demographic features. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name some states that exemplify political culture |
|
Definition
The liberalism of Massachusetts, Minnesota, Rhode Island, and Oregon
The conservatism of Indiana, Tennessee, North Dakota, and Utah |
|
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Term
| The ADOPTION of relaxed eligibility standards for receipt of welfare and medical benefits, decriminalization of marijuana possession, elimination of the death penalty, extensive regulation of business, state ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment, and the adoption of progressive income taxes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The REJECTION of relaxed eligibility standards for receipt of welfare and medical benefits, decriminalization of marijuana possession, elimination of the death penalty, extensive regulation of business, state ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment, and the adoption of progressive income taxes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tendency to want to expand welfare benefits, regulate business, adopt progressive state income taxes, and generally use the resources of the government to achieve social change. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tendency to limit welfare, deregulate business, keep taxes low, and generally place less reliance on the government and more on individuals in the marketplace to achieve social goals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another way to identify the idealogical option of voters is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A political moral issue being used increasingly by candidates to cause voters to cross party lines on those hot button issues alone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the four ways to measure a persons "religiosity" |
|
Definition
| Importance of religion in a person's life, frequency of attendance at worship services, frequency of prayer, belief in God |
|
|
Term
| Religion is generally more important to people in the ____ _____ part of the nation versus the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| People who attend church on a weekly basis are more likely to _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| People who attend church weekly believe that the government should promote what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Texas is the ____ most religious state |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The percentage of population increase over the decade |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Texas has the ____ highest population and the _____ highest percentage of population growth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The fastest growing states between 2000-2008 were the _________ _________. The slowest were the _____ ____ states. |
|
Definition
sun belt (South west)
rust belt (north east and Midwest) |
|
|
Term
| Large southern states tend to have a higher _________ _________ ______, no matter what their population size currently is. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many new residents did Texas gain between 2000-2008? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two states are decreasing in population growth percentage? (Are losing people) |
|
Definition
| West Virginia, North Dakota |
|
|
Term
| Name the 5 states growing the fastest in terms of population growth |
|
Definition
| Nevada, Texas, Florida, Arizona, Utah |
|
|
Term
| Money that is received as a result of the normal business activities of an individual or business |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a state's income indicate? |
|
Definition
| Increased worker productivity, creation of wealth |
|
|
Term
| Is income distributed evenly throughout the states? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name some states that have the highest per capita personal income |
|
Definition
| Connecticut, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Maryland, Wyoming, New York |
|
|
Term
| Name some states that have the lowest per capita personal income |
|
Definition
| Mississippi, Utah, West Virginia, Arkansas, Kentucky |
|
|
Term
| Texas is the ____ highest in terms of per capital personal income |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 5 states with the highest poverty rates |
|
Definition
| Mississippi, Louisiana, New Mexico, Arkansas, Kentucky |
|
|
Term
| Texas is ranked ____ highest in terms of poverty rates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The number of people living in poverty as a percentage of the total population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is most of the poverty found in the US? Why? |
|
Definition
| Southern states because they have higher percentages of Af. Am and Mex. minorities |
|
|
Term
| What are the top 5 states that have college graduates? |
|
Definition
| Massachusetts, Maryland, Colorado, Connecticut, New Jersey |
|
|
Term
| What are the the 5 states with the least college graduates? |
|
Definition
| Louisiana, Kentucky, Arkansas, Mississippi, West Virginia |
|
|
Term
| What area of the US generally has the least college graduates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Texas is the _____ highest state in terms of college graduates. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the top 5 states that have high school graduates? |
|
Definition
| Vermont, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska |
|
|
Term
| What are the the 5 states with the least high school graduates? |
|
Definition
| Nevada, South Carolina, New Mexico, Louisiana, Mississippi |
|
|
Term
| What area of the US generally has the least high school graduates? |
|
Definition
| South, areas with higher pops of minorities |
|
|
Term
| What area of the US generally has the most high school graduates? |
|
Definition
| North central, north east |
|
|
Term
| What area of the US generally has the least college graduates? |
|
Definition
| North central, north east |
|
|
Term
| What are the top 5 states in SAT scores? |
|
Definition
| Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Montana, Illinois |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 states that have the lowest SAT scores? |
|
Definition
| Hawaii, Maine, georgia, south carolina, new york |
|
|
Term
| Texas is the _____ highest state in terms of high school grads |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Texas is the ______ highest state in terms of SAT scores |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What area of the US has the highest SAT scores? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What area of the US has the lowest SAT scores? |
|
Definition
| Typically south, mixed with some north though |
|
|
Term
| Ranking of TX ?Changes/Stays the same? according to the way education is measured. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 factors of the well being rating? |
|
Definition
| Life evaluations, emotional health, work environment, physical health, healthy behaviors, access to basic necessities |
|
|
Term
| What 5 states are the highest ranked in the well being rate? |
|
Definition
| Hawaii, Alaska, North Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado |
|
|
Term
| What 5 states are the lowest ranked in the well being rate? |
|
Definition
| West Virginia, Mississippi, Kentucky, Arkansas, Alabama |
|
|
Term
| What is Texas ranked on the chart of well being? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is considered most livable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Today, 55% of American's African population lives in the __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Differences in the racial and ethnic composition of state populations account for much of the variation in the politics of states and cities throughout the nation. What is this called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of America is the African American Population? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What originally caused blacks to move northward? |
|
Definition
| The world wars and job opportunities |
|
|
Term
| Today, 55% of the nations blacks live in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As of 2000, which minority is the largest in America? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which states have the largest Mexican American populations? |
|
Definition
| New Mexico, California, Texas, and Arizona |
|
|
Term
| What states have many hispanics that are pueroricans and cubans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do so many cubans live in florida? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hispanics are generally _________ in religion but how they vote depends on their _________ and their ____________. |
|
Definition
Catholic
cultural background
time of residency in America |
|
|
Term
| What are the top 5 states in African American populations? |
|
Definition
| New York, Florida, Texas, Georgia, California |
|
|
Term
| Name 5 states that typically have very few minorities |
|
Definition
| Vermont, North Dakota, South Dakota, New Hampshire, Wyoming |
|
|
Term
| Texas is very _____ in percentage of minorities (both hispanic and black). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of the nation is white? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of the nation is hispanic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cities have the highest ratio of Mexicans to Whites? |
|
Definition
| McAllen, TX, and El Paso, TX. |
|
|
Term
| Which cities have the highest ratio of Blacks to whites? |
|
Definition
| Jackson, MS, and Memphis, TN |
|
|
Term
| Where do minorities typically live? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two states have the highest ratio of minorities to whites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| By 2050, what is the projected percentage of hispanics in America? of Blacks? of Whites? Mixed? |
|
Definition
| 30% hispanic, blacks stay same, 46% white, 3% mixed |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of Americans are a mixed ethnicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| By 2050, the amount of Hispanic-Americans is projected to ________, blacks is to __________, whites is to ____________ and mixed it to ____________ |
|
Definition
| increase, stay the same, decrease, increase |
|
|
Term
| Earliest civil rights battles focused primarily on racial discrimination, but today focuses on |
|
Definition
| gender, disability, and sexual orientation |
|
|
Term
| ________ elected officials tend to view poverty and unemployment as more _________ that officials who are not of this race. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the major consequences of having a minority elected official? |
|
Definition
| More focus on racial balance in hiring, more hired minority officials who work under the main one, more voting participation of minorities in the community |
|
|
Term
| Is it realistic to expect major shifts in tax and spending policies with the new incorporation of a black or hispanic city officer? Why? |
|
Definition
| No, because they are constrained economically and by federal governments |
|
|
Term
| All persons ________ or __________ in the US.... are _________ of the US and of the State in which they reside. |
|
Definition
born or naturalized
citizens |
|
|
Term
| The language of the 14th amendment make it clear that the original intent was to |
|
Definition
| achieve the full measure and citizenship and equality for African Americans |
|
|
Term
| An agreement to end military occupation of the south and allow them to have a white supremacy if they let Rutherford B. Hayes be president. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the result of the passing of the Compromise of 1877? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The separation of people by race; mandated that schools, public facilities, etc. until Brown v Board of Education of Topeka |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ruling by the US Supreme Court in 1896 that segregated facilities were lawful as long as they were equal, reversed by Brown v Board of Education of Topeka |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How was segregation supported by people who looked at it constitutionally? |
|
Definition
| The 14th amendment said they were all citizens, but it didn't deny them from being sepated |
|
|
Term
| Were white and black facilities generally equal? When did they start to be? |
|
Definition
| No, when they started integrating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| National Association for the Advancement of Colored people, largest black civil rights organization which wanted integration |
|
|
Term
| Who were the head leaders of the NAACP. What did they want? |
|
Definition
| Roy Wilkins, Thurgood Marshall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To reevaluate the 14th amendment to say that segregation was not equal |
|
|
Term
| What court case upheld that segregation was constitutionally justified? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What court case declared separate but equal was NOT actually equal and declared segregation was unconstitutional? |
|
Definition
| Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, KS |
|
|
Term
| What was said in the ruling of Brown v Board of education? |
|
Definition
| Segregation was detrimental to negro kids, caused inferiority to negroes in general, and desegregation was unconstitutional |
|
|
Term
| What year did integration start? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many states deeply supported segregation? Where were they? Was Texas one of them? |
|
Definition
| 17, The south/southeast, yes |
|
|
Term
| What were some of the tactics of resisting integration? |
|
Definition
| Rezoning school zones, making schools intro private schools blacks generally couldn't afford, shutting down schools that had gotten federal integration orders |
|
|
Term
| Provided that every federal department and agency must take action to end segregation by terminating financial assistance to places that refused to comply. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What year were segregated schools completely abolished by declaring Unitary schools were the only kind of schools allow to be open? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the bill of rights become incorporated into the 14th amendment? |
|
Definition
| They declared that the "liberty" described in Amendment 14 as all the rights in the Bill of rights |
|
|
Term
| Why do most immigrants come to the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Government forgiveness of a crime generally given to a group of people; this was granted to any illegal immigrants who had lived in the US since 1982 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nearly 2/3 of illegal immigrants are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is responsible for Immigration Control? |
|
Definition
| ICE, Immigration and customs enforcement- Homeland Security |
|
|
Term
| Which states have the highest rate of legal immigrants? |
|
Definition
| California, Nevada, Florida, and Hawaii |
|
|
Term
| Which States have the highest rates of illegal immigrants? |
|
Definition
| California, Nevada, Florida, Texas, Arizona (Southern border states, or ocean bordered states) |
|
|
Term
| In 1970, most immigrants were from _________. Today they are from _____ _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some things states have enacted to try to stop illegal immigration? Whats wrong with this? |
|
Definition
| Make it illegal to hire or sell land to an illegal immigrant. CA barred welfare to immigrants, AR passed a law making it illegal to be in the state and not be a citizen. It is the Fed gov's job so the states can't really enact those laws constitutionally. |
|
|
Term
| What city referred to itself as a safe haven for immigrants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Federal Gov do to prevent illegal immigrants living in the US? What is the problem with this? |
|
Definition
| occasionally deport people, they don't do it often enough and states with immigrants have to give them benefits unfairly |
|
|
Term
| What are some things the Fed. Gov has suggested to keep out illegal immigrants? |
|
Definition
| building 700 miles of fencing along the Mexican border, provide a path to citizenship that includes a criminal check+ learning english + paying fines, two years worker permits, focus allowing immigrants less on family and more on skill/education |
|
|
Term
| What are the main responsibilities of state governments? |
|
Definition
| Education, Health and Welfare, Transportation, Safety, Civil Rights, Physical environment, and taxation |
|
|
Term
| Who deals with the majority of public business? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the biggest expenditure of state and local governments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who decides what children are taught in schools, how often they are tested, what they are tested on, school tax rates, and how many kids are in each classroom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ governments administer Social security, and medicare, but _________ governments administer the largest public assistance programs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| States must make decisions about the creation of ____________, how long these will be, traffic lights, gas prices, etc. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who has the principal responsibility for public safety in America? (Most police power, rights to control prisons, laws on persecutions sentences, etc.) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _________ governments has defined a national system of civil rights but the _________ govs support and uphold these. |
|
Definition
national
state and local govs |
|
|
Term
| Local governments must plan streets, parks, residential, and industrial areas. Also must find ways of getting rid of human waste, trash wastes, giving us water, sewage, etc. In other words they are responsible for our |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| States and communities must raise nearly _________$ per year and yet compete with each other to get business. They decide who to tax, how to tax, what to tax. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the top 4 things that state and local governments spend money on? |
|
Definition
| Education, Public Welfare, Insurance Trust, Utility |
|
|
Term
| Historically, abortions for any purposes other than ________________ were criminal offenses under state law. |
|
Definition
| saving the life of the mother |
|
|
Term
| In the 1960's abortion in what cases became legal? |
|
Definition
| rape, incest, saving the life of the mother |
|
|
Term
| In 1970 which states legalized abortion on request alone? |
|
Definition
| New York, Alaska, Hawaii, and Washington |
|
|
Term
| The court case that ruled the constitutional guarantee of "liberty" in the 5th and 14th included a woman's decision to bear or not to bear a child. Also that the "life" described in the 14th amendment did not qualify as an unborn child. Also that it was illegal to abort in the last trimester. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the Supreme Court do to limit the impact of Roe v Wade (1973)? |
|
Definition
| banned the use of Medicaid to pay except in tragic situations, denied tax funds for abortions, no financial gov aid in abortion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rates for abortion according to state availability of the procedure |
|
|
Term
| What is "abortion demand" |
|
Definition
| rates for abortion if they were related to unwanted pregnancies |
|
|
Term
| The court case (1989) that in Missouri ruled the abortion of a viable fetus is illegal and viability must be tested at 21 weeks. Also held that Missouri could deny public funds and their public facilities for abortions not necessary for the mother's life. |
|
Definition
| Webster v Reproductive Health Services |
|
|
Term
| What were some pro-life requirements made in selected states after Webster v Reproductive |
|
Definition
| Physicians must inform women of risks and alternatives, 24 hour waiting period, spouse must be notified, minors have to have parent consent, hospitalization requirement, clinic licensing |
|
|
Term
| What court case by Sanda Day O'connor that ruled in 1992 that "undo burden" cannot be placed on a women seeking an abortion and that obstacles had to be removed? What was the result of this? |
|
Definition
Planned Parenthood v Casey
Don't have to inform husband, controversy over what undue burden meant |
|
|
Term
| What is the procedure in which a doctor removes a fetus's limbs, mushes its brain, then vacuums the fetus out? Can also be done by pulling fetus partially out if already head first and scrambling its brains. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The court case in 2000 in which ruled in Nebraska that partial birth abortions were illegal unless the life of the mother was endangered. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The court case in 2007 (and got presidential approval on) which upheld the ban of partial birth abortion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Americas major social welfare programs? |
|
Definition
| Social Security, OASDI, Unemployment compensation, supplemental security income, family assistance, food stamps (SNAP), earned income tax credit (EITC), school lunches, WIC |
|
|
Term
| What is the Key feature of the Social Security Act? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does OASDI stand for? What is it? Who pays for it? Is it Federal or State? |
|
Definition
Old Age, Survivors, and Disabled Insurance
Insurance to give people benefits in the cases that they are too old, there is a death of their household head, or they get a permanent disability.
Both employees and employers
Federal |
|
|
Term
| What is a tax that is levied on and withheld from an employee's wages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are payroll taxes used to do? |
|
Definition
| Create unemployment compensation programs |
|
|
Term
| Who gets to shape the unemployment compensation programs? Who funds it? Is it a state or federal program? |
|
Definition
States shape theirs,
Its funded by payroll tax,
its federal |
|
|
Term
| The Direct Federal Cash Assistance given to needy people who are aged, blind, or disabled. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does SSI stand for? Who funds it? What does it qualify as disabled? |
|
Definition
Supplemental Security Income
Federal
Blind, deaf, injured, alcoholism, drug use, ADD |
|
|
Term
| Family assistance used to be called ______________ which itself was previously ______________. |
|
Definition
Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) |
|
|
Term
| Who pays for Family assistance now states or federal? Was it always this way? |
|
Definition
| States, no it was fed until 1996 |
|
|
Term
| Food Stamp Programs is now called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does SNAP stand for? Is it state or federal in nature? |
|
Definition
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
Federal |
|
|
Term
| A refundable federal income tax credit for low-income working individuals and families. When ______ amount exceeds taxed owed, refund is made to those claiming credit on their income tax return. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EITC stands for what? Is it federal or state? |
|
Definition
Earned Income Tax Credit
Federal |
|
|
Term
| Two biggest problems with health care reform |
|
Definition
Controlling costs
Expanding Access |
|
|
Term
| What are some other federal social welfare programs? |
|
Definition
| lunch programs, housing aid, WIC (women infant children food support), home heating, free legal services, etc. |
|
|
Term
| The traditional consensus about traditional welfare as the policy developed over years was |
|
Definition
| It was states responsibility but became government |
|
|
Term
| The TANF program enacted this in 1996 which included the devolution of responsibility for cash assistance programs to the states |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Federal aid for state programs of cash assistance to poor families which replaced AFDC federal entitlement program |
|
Definition
| Temporary assistance to needy families (TANF) |
|
|
Term
| What were some of the enactments of the 1996 welfare reform? |
|
Definition
| Decided by states, two year limit , denial to unwed parents that have more that 1 child, kids must attend schools to get welfare $, but some exemptions on two years etc. |
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Term
| What makes the welfare reform problematic? |
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Definition
| 2/3 didn't finish high school, half have 3+ kids, most have no job experience, many have disabilities making a job hard to hold. |
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Term
| What are the most important correlates of health? What is interesting about these? |
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Definition
heredity, lifestyle (smoking/drinking/eating/exercise/stress), and physical environment
Doctors have no control over these |
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Term
| Historically, most reductions of death have been from ___________ reforms that were all about sanitization and immunization. |
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Definition
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Term
| Federal health insurance for the aged |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Federal aid to the states to provide health insurance for the poor |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Medicare includes what and is funded by what? What is it and who can have it? |
|
Definition
Includes a compulsory basic health insurance plan for aged.
Paid for by pay roll taxes in Social security.
It is voluntary supplemental program. for 65+ |
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Term
| Medicare includes what and is funded by what? What is it and who can have it? |
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Definition
| Includes healthcare for the poor, paid by both state and fed, 45% by state (most expensive), enabler of states to guarantee medical services, for the poor |
|
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Term
| What does SCHIP stand for? |
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Definition
| State Children's Health Insurance Program |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A program that pays for sick children who can't have medicaid but are too poor to afford health care |
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Term
| What percentage of Texas is receiving Medicaid? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What states have the highest percent receiving health care? |
|
Definition
| new mexico, Vermont, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arizona |
|
|
Term
| What are the most expensive social welfare programs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were some things states tried to do to reform health care on their own? |
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Definition
| waivers to experiment with the medicaid costs, HMO's, Massachusetts mandated health insurance |
|
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Term
| private health care organizations that provide medical survives at fixed fees. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Health Maintenance society |
|
|
Term
| What did Massachusetts Mandated Health Insurance demand? Who thought of this |
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Definition
People who don't get other forms of federal insurance are qualified to get massachusetts instate insurance.
Mitt Romney |
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Term
| Is Obamacare constitutional? What are arguments for it? Vs it? |
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Definition
It is said to be under the interstate commerce act
If they travel between states they have it.
Against it argue the fed are making them buy a product that should be a state decision and can just make them buy anything then |
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Term
| Texas ranks what on the liberal-ness chart? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The subculture that that views government as a positive force for all citizens. (mostly in the north) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The subculture that views government should benefit the individual rather that the society in general (mostly in middle) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The subculture that maintains existing political order for the benefit of a small elite (in south) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What is this an illustration of?
Natl gov defends civil liberties according to B.o.R.--> states defend liberty according to 14th--> states began becoming more centralized and allow natl gov to defend liberty as civil liberties |
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Definition
| Bill of Rights became incorporated into 14th amendment |
|
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Term
| Those goods provided by government and not by the private sector. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are there public goods? IE |
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Definition
So everyone can have the safety benefit of it. IE half pay for fire, someone who didn't house is on fire. Now what? Fire people can't help them? Not fair. So we have public goods, for all.
IE Fire, Police, etc. |
|
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Term
| If the city can deny public services its called |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What two conditions are there for something to be a public good? |
|
Definition
| exclusion is impractical, nonexhaustion |
|
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Term
| The fact that one citizen receiving a service does not exclude others from receiving the same service. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a public good which is provided with no charge because there is a broader public benefit associated with the good? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What must exist for a collective benefit to exist? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Goods where the gov takes money from one group to give that money to another. IE |
|
Definition
| Redistributive goods. IE welfare |
|
|
Term
| Public goods where the government regulates the use of resources to prevent overuse. IE |
|
Definition
Regulatory goods
Sprinkler use |
|
|
Term
| What are some sources of modern centralization:? |
|
Definition
| fiscal and policy capacity issues for states, triumph of a nationalist interpretation of the Constitution, political participation system expanding rights of participation, shifting idealogical center |
|
|
Term
| The reduction of power of states and localities to design, enact, and administer public programs on their own. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is centralization mainly coming about? |
|
Definition
| Specific mandates of the natl gov in times of crisis |
|
|
Term
| When was the natl authority highest in America's history? Why? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Since the 1930s ______________ has embraced a nationalist view of the Constitution and its expansive powers of ____________ Art I:8 powers |
|
Definition
The supreme court
nationalist |
|
|
Term
| The people in the Constitution is generally thought to be originally who? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Since ____, there have been decisions limiting Natl gov, esp _________ power over states. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The _____________ is pursing a "two track" strategy to narrow ________ power... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two parts of the two track plan? |
|
Definition
Limit the scope of Art I:8 powers
Revival of the 11th amendment, which gave the nation "sovereign immunity" |
|
|
Term
| What is the notion that the government cannot be sued with out its own consent? |
|
Definition
| Sovereign immunity protection |
|
|
Term
| Women and minorities are generally more accepting of which ideals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What act really moved the country to move towards centralization (1930-70s was stabley centralizing bc of this) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why has centralization slowed down and even reversed? Since When? |
|
Definition
| 1980s, conservatives began to challenge |
|
|
Term
| Us was _________ from 1980-92, ____________ from 92-2000, ___________ from 2000-2008, and __________ from 2008-2016. |
|
Definition
| Republican, Democratic, Republican, Democratic |
|
|
Term
| With 2000 election, Republicans solidified control of the _______________ and for the first time since Jan 1953 Republicans control both that and the presidency. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The '12 election was more _________ driven then previous elections, but had ______ decisive results. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name some historical events that have moved us towards centralization |
|
Definition
| Ratification of the Constitution, Cilvil war reconstruction, Great Depression and New Deal |
|
|
Term
| Can the states secede? What does the natl gov say about this? |
|
Definition
| No, they are there to serve the states but the union must be a whole |
|
|
Term
| What court case rejected Texas' attempt to secede in 1869? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Civil war settled 2/3 issues. Which two did it solve? |
|
Definition
| Slavery, the question if states can secede |
|
|
Term
| What issue did the civil war NOT solve? |
|
Definition
| the issue over the policy division between state and natl gov |
|
|
Term
| Reconstruction made which amendments? Which was most important for centralization? |
|
Definition
13, 14, and 15th.
14th most important |
|
|
Term
| A person born in the US is a citizen of |
|
Definition
| both the US and of the state they were born in (C) |
|
|
Term
| What are the three prohibitions on states in the 14th? |
|
Definition
privelages and immunities,
due process,
equal protection |
|
|
Term
| The 14th amendment defines __________ and places on states the _______________ |
|
Definition
citizenship
three prohibitions |
|
|
Term
| Which section of the 14th gets Congress entangled in the states? How |
|
Definition
Section 5
By giving Congress the right to enforce the legislation in the 14th |
|
|
Term
What was the broad purpose of the 14th amendment?
The narrow one? |
|
Definition
The spirit of the Dec of Indep
the 1866 Civil Rights Act |
|
|
Term
| What defines US citizenship, gives rights to citizens of every color (esp property ones), and entitles full equal benefit of all laws? |
|
Definition
| The Civil Rights Act of 1866 |
|
|
Term
| What defines state citizenship, uses categories of rights, and drops any reference of race (so that later it is used beyond its original intent)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The constitution created a powerful ________ gov. by limiting the affects of ____________ and not adding a __________ until later (and it allowed for slavery) |
|
Definition
National
checks and balances
bill of rights |
|
|
Term
| The 14th amendment along with what corrects the moral deficiency of the constitution? |
|
Definition
| 13, 15, and bill of rights |
|
|
Term
| The narrow interpretation of the 14th amendment was trying to say it focused on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The broader interpretation of the 14th amendment was trying to say it focused on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the court cases involved in the "separate but equal" belief? |
|
Definition
| Plessy v Ferguson an Brown v Board of ed |
|
|
Term
| The issue in Brown v Board of ed was not ________________, even if they are the issue was |
|
Definition
are separate facilities really equal
wasn't segregation violating the equal protection clause? |
|
|
Term
| Brown did not hold that the US constitution was ____________ because it it was it would've had race based affirmative action. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which scope of the 14th amendment becomes dominant? |
|
Definition
| The 14th is about more than race (broad) |
|
|
Term
| Which court case defined the First Amendment in terms of what a state and THEN fed gov could do when in criminalized speech or writing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which court case established rules for when the Bill of Rights can be applied to state govs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The broader view of the 14th reversed the decisions in which court case so as to enforce the Bill of Rights on all states? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Police power, public health power, and safety are the jurisdiction of who? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the 1930s only ___ amendments were made to the US constitution (which were revoking prohibition and stating a presidential terms begins and ends in jan) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What states that the congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes from whatever source is derived. w/out consensus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which amendment changed who US Senators represent by declaring direct election of US senators rather than by state legislatures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which amendment gave women the right to vote? What was a consequence of this? |
|
Definition
| 19th, increased centralization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interstate commerce clause |
|
|
Term
| Which court case realized gun control had over expanded from Fed to State? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Generally it was ________ duty to take care of health and economy, but with the Great Depression and New Deal people looked to the ___________ gov. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which president continued the New Deals reforms into the 1960s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What time period did centralization slow down as conservatives began to challenge ntl gov's role in society |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Centralization varies by _____________ area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some things that tend to be more state focused? |
|
Definition
| Education, highways, family law, land use |
|
|
Term
| What are some things that tend to be more federal focused? |
|
Definition
| macroeconomics, immigration, civil rights, environment |
|
|
Term
| What are some things that are more equally policies depending on both federal and state gov together? |
|
Definition
business regulation and taxes
criminal justice
abortion
welfare and health care |
|
|
Term
| What are the two unusual properties of goods and services? What are these? |
|
Definition
Nonexlusion (can't exclude non tax payers)
Nonexhaustion (use of it does not reduce "supply" to others) |
|
|
Term
| Dont confuse what governments _________ as a practical and political matter, they MUST. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With Social Security Act of 1935, natl govt becomes a major player in ____________ and ____________ |
|
Definition
social insurance
public assistance |
|
|
Term
| What programs are part of the social security's social insurance? Who pays for this? |
|
Definition
UI, social security, Medicare, OASDHI
Work based pay outta employee and employer |
|
|
Term
| What programs are part of the social security's public assistance? Who pays for these? |
|
Definition
SSI, TANF, SNAP, EITC, Medicaid, SCHIP, services
"Financial need based"- gov pays for them (taxes) |
|
|
Term
| State run programs for the indigent elderly, blind, and disabled |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The welfare policy of 1996 made it so there was a significant ____________ in state-local freedom to design their own "welfare" program |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AFDC was originally for who? When did this change and how? |
|
Definition
For white widowed women who had children
Became more for minorities in 1970s for women who had never married |
|
|
Term
| What were the problems that welfare had that made it need reform? |
|
Definition
| Work disincentives, long term social dependency (became a lifestyle), disruption of families (men felt less obligated to stay) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were some differences in TANF from AFDC |
|
Definition
| Time limit of 2 years/5 years, has some exclusions that tangles with immigration and the SSI, made them forced to work |
|
|
Term
| How many people who get off of welfare are still poor after? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deciding who should be the umpire of the nationalist and state based issues was NOT |
|
Definition
| a core difference between understanding their constitution interpretations |
|
|
Term
| Which part of the natl gov has been the LEAST important source of "centralization" of the American Union over the past 50 years? |
|
Definition
| The presidential administrations |
|
|
Term
| Which Texas educational statistic has been low compared to other states? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which social welfare program is the most expensive ENTITLEMENT program in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False, the States will defer to the US congress on immigration rather than offer their own solutions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False, the Constitution makes it difficult to enact comprehensive immigration reform because it divides up the constitutional authority between the states and the nationalist government |
|
Definition
|
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