Term
| How difficult is it for an issue to get on the govts. agenda? Why? |
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Definition
| Very difficult. You need 3 conditions (problem recognition, policy articulation, favorable political environment) to coexist at the same time before an issue will get on the govts. agenda. Then, a window of opportunity must open for the issue to get on the govts. agenda. |
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Term
| Kingdon's Model: Problem Recognition |
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Definition
Gov't officials must perceive an issue to be a problem. This can happen in 3 ways: Focusing Event, Objective Indicator, and Policy Entrepreneurs
Ex: Focusing Event: 9/11, Hurricane Katrina
Objective Indicators: Statistics about obesity, statistics on increase in marijuana use after 2009, teen pregnancy rate, infant mortality rates, numbers on concussions in sports
Policy Entrepreneurs: Individuals/groups work to increase awareness (PETA, woman riding her donkey, use of violence or celebs, etc.) |
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Term
| Kingdon's Model: Policy Articulation |
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Definition
A decent policy option must exist before gov't will take on an issue, gov't won't set itself up for failure if it believes the problem can't be solved (health insurance for the uninsured)
Policy must be feasible, value acceptable, and reasonable.
Cities and states often experiment with new policies.
Ex: Toy Ban in Santa Clara, CA, and Oakland's industrial pot farms |
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Term
| Kingdon's Model: Favorable Political Environment |
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Definition
Partisan Mood: Which party dominant? How much partisan conflict on issue? How polarized are parties?
Ideological Environment: How liberal or how conservative is a nation? Policies must fit within boundaries of what is considered ideologically.
Resources: Is there any money? Will there be any money? Will we be in worse shape if we do nothing now?
Good Issue: Will gov't officials make more friends than enemies by putting an issue on the agenda? Bad issue: abortion, SS reform, gun control. Good issue: help for veterans, sex offender registry laws, children's health policies |
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Term
| What is the Window of Opportunity in agenda setting? |
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Definition
Timing has to be right.
Ex: The Window of Opportunity closed on George W. Bush's immigration policy in 2001. Open-border immigration policy before 9/11. 9/11 closed the window of opportunity. |
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Term
| Using the Kingdon model of agenda setting, explain how the Fat Tax got on the Danish govts. agenda. |
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Definition
The Fat Tax is putting a tax on saturated fat.
Objective Indicator: Obesity rate in Denmark is 9%. The gov't doesn't have enough money. Need tax revenue.
Policy Articulation: The gov't needed the money,don't mind taxes, and don't mind social engineering.
Favorable Political Environment: No big conflict between parties on this issue. All parties knew the gov't needed the money. 90% of legislature supported it.
Ideological Environment: Not opposed to gov't intervention in this way. Liberals are not opposed to the gov't intervention.
Resources: Needed the money.
Good Issue: Don't mind making people with bad habits pay the cost of bad behavior.
Window of Opportunity: New gov't comes in, acts quickly, avoids controversy by getting it done fast. |
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Term
| How did obesity get on the govt's agenda? |
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Definition
Objective Indicator: the number of obese people and the number of people diagnosed with diabetes.
Policy Entrepreneurs: Health Advocacy Groups and Health Care professionals
Policy Articulation: Individual Factors-laziness, stressed out, routine, and instant gratification. Social and Cultural Factors- eating out is an important factor, and parents keep kids inside because they think it isn't safe. Economic Factors-poverty, work, Agriculture policy, cost of food, food industry, Washington and US education. Demographic factors-residential patterns and birth rates. Biological explanations-genetic predisposition and health disparities. |
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Term
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Definition
By: Michelle Obama
Good Food: B (educates)
Physical Activity: B (educates), C (encourages) |
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Term
| School Wellness Policies-walking to school |
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Definition
Physical Activity: B (educates)
-safe routes to school |
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Term
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Definition
| Good Food: D (makes food more readily available) |
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Term
| NIH Programs (Go-Slow-Whoa) |
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Definition
Bad Food: B (educate)
Good Food: B (educate) NIH "We can"
Physical Activity: B (educates) Active vacations
Too Much Food: B (educates) NIH Site |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Vending Machines in Schools |
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Definition
Too Much Food: D (government regulates portions) School Wellness-vending machine portions
Bad Food: C (vending machine labeling in HC bill, E (Regulate) School Wellness-vending machines |
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Term
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Definition
Bad Food: E (regulate)
Physical Activity: B (educates) volunteer personal trainers |
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Term
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Definition
Bad Food: D (incentives) toy policy
Good Food: C (encourages) toys in "good Happy Meals"-Santa Clara, CA |
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Term
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Definition
| Too Much Food: D (government regulates portions) School Wellness-lunch portions |
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