Term
| What makes civil rights different from civil liberties? |
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Definition
-Civil Rights are government given protection of your rights (sword)
-Civil Liberties are individual protection from the gov't (shield) |
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Term
| The government is designed not to detect the people's will but to do what? Why is this important? |
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Definition
| It is designed to respond to people who are involved. This relates to interest groups. |
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Term
| The main goal of political parties is to do what? |
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Definition
| To elect candidates from their party |
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Term
| What are the two ways people can identify happiness with the political system they are in? |
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Definition
1. Public election polls
2. Election results |
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Term
| Where does the concept of civil rights come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ended the reign of the Republicans in the mid 1900's and began the civil rights movement? |
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Definition
| The Great Depression and the New Deal (FDR and Welfare) |
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Term
| What amendment is specifically associated with interest groups? Which part is important? |
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Definition
| The 1st Amendment, right to free assembly |
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Term
| What political party controlled the government in the 1920's? |
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Definition
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Term
| After the Civil War, what party controlled the government for nearly 30 years? Why? |
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Definition
| The Republicans. Republicans were anti-slavery and the Democrats were considered the cause of the Civil War. |
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Term
| Between 1865 and 1870, three civil rights were granted to slaves. What were they? |
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Definition
1. Slaves were freed.
2. They were given citizenship.
3. They were given the right to vote. |
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Term
| In 1876, a significant period of history ended. What was it? |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1948, what did the Democrats do? What were the repercussions of what they did? |
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Definition
| They adopted a stronger civil rights platform. This caused the dixiecrats to walk out and join the Republicans and black movement to Northern cities. |
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Term
| In the Civil Rights Act of 1957, what was decided? |
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Definition
| Blacks who felt their voting rights had been abridged could sue states in federal court |
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Term
| Who was the dominant charismatic leader of civil rights in the 1960's? |
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Definition
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Term
| Civil Rights are safeguards against the efforts of governments or dominant groups from doing what? |
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Definition
| Taking advantage of minority groups |
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Term
| Reconstruction did not permanently solve the problem for African Americans, why? |
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Definition
| Because it was a quick fix |
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Term
| Name 4 Factors that contributed to the loss of black civil rights after the Reconstruction. |
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Definition
1. Rise of the KKK
2. Weakened efforts of the Republicans.
3. Higher taxes (dip in economy)
4. End of federal military presence in the South |
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Term
| What was established in Plessy v. Ferguson? |
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Definition
-Separate but Equal policy
-Included political equality, but excluded social and economic equality |
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Term
| What does Affirmative Action do? What doesn't it do? |
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Definition
It evens out past discrimination in jobs and college admissions.
It does not fill quotas. |
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Term
| What do opponents of Affirmative Action think is wrong with it? |
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Definition
| It gives preferential treatment to minorities. |
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Term
| Grutter v. Bollinger decided that affirmative action in college admissions was okay given what 2 reasons? |
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Definition
-If it increases diversity on campus.
-If it compensates for past discrimination. |
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Term
| What court case decided that affirmative action was okay only in narrowly tailored policies? |
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Definition
| Adarand Constructors Inc. v. Pena |
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Term
| What is the Grandfather Clause? |
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Definition
| Made anyone who's ancestors couldn't vote in the most recent election take a literacy test in order to vote. |
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Term
| In the Civil Rights Movement which interest group was dominant among African Americans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an interest group? |
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Definition
| A group of like minded people who present issues to the government |
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Term
| What makes political parties and interest groups different? |
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Definition
-Political parties elect candidates
-Interest groups are single issued |
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Term
| What are the goals of interest groups? |
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Definition
-Promote interests (to the government)
-Protect interests (gain membership) |
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Term
| What are the three reasons people join interest groups? |
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Definition
1. Material benefits
2. Solidarity benefits
3. Purposive benefits |
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Term
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Definition
| A sum of the individual attitudes or beliefs about issues, questions, or persons in politics. |
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Term
| What are the 4 main components of public opinion? |
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Definition
1. Direction- positive or negative
2. Stability- changing or constant
3. Intensity- how strong
4. Salience- prominence/visibility |
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Term
| People are uninformed. How is public opinion helpful or reliable? |
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Definition
-Miracle of aggregation: informed opinions are still heard
-Elite opinions and shortcuts to info |
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Term
| When considering public opinion polls, what four things should you keep in mind? |
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Definition
1. Did the poll ask the right people?
2. What is the margin of error?
3. What was the question?
4. Which question came first? |
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Term
| What are 4 things that influence attitudes? |
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Definition
1. Ideology
2. Information
3. Framing
4. Personal Characteristics |
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Term
| How did factions split into the political party issue? |
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Definition
-Subsections of parties
ex: neoconservatives, dixiecrats |
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Term
| What did George Washington say about political parties? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who did the federalist party gravitate around and what was his main issue? |
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Definition
| Alexander Hamilton and the National Bank |
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Term
| What did the New Deal do in the movement toward civil rights? |
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Definition
-Promote welfare
-Provide government assistance to blacks
-Investigate racial discrimination
-Rejuvinate the justice department's civil liberties division |
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Term
| What did Brown v. Board of Education decide? |
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Definition
| Separate but equal does not work, integration. |
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Term
| What was MLK's winning strategy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Voter registration among African Americans skyrocketed after what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What issue shifted political parties in the 1960's? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Corrupt Bargain of 1824? |
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Definition
| No candidate received enough votes to be elected president. Vote goes to the house. John Q Adams convinced Henry Clay to throw election in order to make him Secretary of State. Jackson started his own political party |
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Term
| Which party has had power longer and more often than any other in American History |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a political machine? |
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Definition
| A political organization headed by a party boss. |
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Term
| What was the Civil Rights Act of 1965 written in response to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where and when did affirmative action become a state issue? |
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Definition
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Term
| After 1964, what happened to political parties? |
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Definition
| African American switched the Democratic party |
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Term
| When did the Reconstruction begin? |
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Definition
| 1865, After the Civil War |
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Term
| What percentage of Americans are involved in interest groups? How many are political groups? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are public goods and free riders? |
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Definition
Public goods- benefit provided for everyone
Free Riders- benefits without paying costs |
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Term
| What are the three checks to the free rider problem? |
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Definition
1. Required membership
2. Social control
3. Selected Benefits * |
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Term
| What is the Pluralist Theory? |
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Definition
| Interest groups are a natural extension of democracy that allows free expression and association |
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Term
| What is the Exchange Theory? |
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Definition
| Interest groups are a rational relationship between suppliers and consumers |
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Term
| What is the Niche Theory? |
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Definition
| Interest groups form out a of a need for a feeling of belonging (biological and political arena) |
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Term
| What type of group makes up the majority of interest groups? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three advantages make interest groups successful? |
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Definition
1. Membership
2. Money
3. Leadership and expertise |
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Term
| What are four ways interest groups get what they want? |
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Definition
1. Lobbying
2. Shaping public opinion
3. Campaign support through PACs
4. Lobbying the court |
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Term
| What was the dividing issue between the Democrats and the Whigs? |
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Definition
Democrats supported farmers.
Whigs supported business and industrialization. |
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Term
| What benefits does a person gain from belonging to a political machine? |
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Definition
1. Job security
2. Family protection
3. Connections |
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Term
| What disadvantages do Political Machines present? |
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Definition
You have to vote for your party.
Is this democratic? |
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Term
| What do modern political parties represent? |
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Definition
Republicans- small government, low taxes, strong defense
Democrats- strong government, socially liberal, higher taxes, anti-war |
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Term
| What is the party in the electorate? |
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Definition
| Citizens who give votes or campaign donations |
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Term
| What is party as organization? |
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Definition
| Elected officials or party organizers |
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Term
| What is a responsible party system? (England) |
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Definition
| You have to vote with your party, or else. |
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Term
| What kind of party system is implemented in the US? Why? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do minor parties fail to gain ground in presidential elections? |
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Definition
1. Lack of funding
2. Publicity
3. Too single-issued |
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Term
| Party identification deals with what? |
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Definition
-Voting
-Personal beliefs |
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Term
| What was decided in Griswold v. Connecticut? 1965 |
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Definition
| the right to prevent pregnancy before conception (birth control) |
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Term
| What was decided in Roe v. Wade? |
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Definition
| The right to terminate pregnancy after conception. |
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Term
| What was decided in Smith v. Allwright? |
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Definition
| Court threw out white primary laws (previously black couldn't vote in primaries) |
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Term
| What organization, founded by MLK, promoted nonviolence? |
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Definition
| Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) |
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Term
| What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 establish? |
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Definition
| -Outlawed racial segregation in schools and public places, and barred discrimination in employment based on sex. |
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