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| when you ask people how they voted as they're leaving the poll |
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| friends, family, schools, religions, demographics |
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| the difference in men's and women's views and voting preferences. the measurable difference in the way men and women vote for candidates and view political issues |
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| (age-cohort effect) the impact of a significant external even in shaping the views of a generation. felt most strongly by young people. (ex: 9/11) |
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| how people get opinions about issues and broad ideologies |
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| public's expressed views about an issue at a specific point in time |
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| important tool that policy makers, researchers, and public rely on as an indicator of public opinion. gives the publics opinion of an issue at a particular point in time |
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| (1) provides information to campaigns about a candidate's strengths and weaknesses and (2)attempts to skew public opinion about a candidate. Helps gauge voter priorities so that a campaign can better target its message. |
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| a poll conducted in an unscientific manner in an attempt to predict the outcome of an election. one of first efforts to gauge public opinion. |
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| measures the changes in public opinion over the course of days, weeks, or months by repeatedly asking respondents the same questions |
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| candidate-centered campaign |
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| a campaign in which the individual seeking election, rather than the part slate, is the focus |
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| organizations that candidates form to support their individual election as opposed to the party's slate of candidates |
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| the phenomenon in which fewer voters support the two major political parties and instead self-identify as independent |
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| the situation in which one party controls congress and the other, the presidency |
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| a voter who does not select a party and is technically an unaffiliated voter |
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| a role that the party out of power plays, highlighting its objections to policies and priorities of the government in power |
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| Franklin Roosevelt's broad social welfare program, in which the government would bear the responsibility of providing a "safety net" to protect the weakest member of society |
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| the group composed of southern Democrats, northern city dwellers, immigrants, the poor, Catholics, labor union members, blue-collar workers, African-Americans and women that elected FDR to the presidency four times |
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| individuals who identify themselves as a member of one party or the other |
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| the partisan identifications of elected leaders in local, county, state, and federal government |
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| individuals who identify with or tend to support a party |
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| the formal party apparatus, including committees, party leaders, conventions, and workers |
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| the categorization of the number and competitiveness of political parties in a policy |
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| the system in which a party leader rewarded political supporters with jobs or government contracts in exchange for their support of the party |
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| the formal statement of a party's principles and policy objectives |
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| an organization that recruits, nominates, and elects party members to office in order to control the government |
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| a philosophy supporting the rights and empowerment of the masses as opposed to the elites |
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| an election in which voters choose the party's candidates who will run in the later general election |
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| a shift in party allegiances or electoral support |
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| the practice of rewarding political supporters with jobs |
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| the situation in which voters vote for candidates from more than one party |
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| the casting of a ballot in advance by mail in situations where certain circumstances prevent voters from voting in their precinct |
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| the blue print for the campaign, including a budget and fund-raising plan, and advertising strategy , a staffing plan |
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| a meeting of all members of the political party in one chamber in which they elect leaders, approve committee assignments, and elect committee chairpersons |
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| an election that determines which candidates win the offices being sought |
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| the situation of already holding the office that is up for reelection |
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| outlays by PACs and others, typically for advertising for or against a candidate, but uncoordinated with a candidate's campaign |
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| a direct democracy process in which citizens draft a desired policy and get a state-specified number of signatures on a petition in support of the proposal so that it is placed on the ballot for voters to approve or reject |
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| a type of ballot that arranges all of the candidates for a particular office under the name of that office |
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| a ballot that organizes the candidates by political party |
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| a proposed measure placed on the ballot in an initiative election |
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| a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views |
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| rational abstention thesis |
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| a theory that some individuals decide the costs of voting are not worth the effort when compared to the benefits |
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| a direct democracy measure by which citizens can remove an elected official from office before the end of his or her term |
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| a direct democracy measure that places public policy drafted by government officials on the ballot for voters to approve or reject |
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| a follow-up election when no candidate receives the majority of votes cast in the original election |
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| the condition in which voters grow tired of all candidates by the time election day arrives and may thus be less likely to vote |
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| the requirement that stations provide equal time to all parties regarding important public issues and equal access to airtime to all candidates for public office |
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| FDR's radio addresses to the country |
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| the process by witch the media set a context that helps consumers understand important events and matters o shared interest |
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| the breaking down of the media according to the specific audiences they target |
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| criticisms and exposés of corruption in the government and industry by journalists at the turn of the twentieth century |
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| the process of aiming media content at specific segments of the public |
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| bringing certain policies on issues to the public agenda through media coverage |
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| the public issues that most demand the attention of government officials |
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| events or topics that are not serious or broadly important |
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| an irresponsible, sensationalist approach to news reporting |
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