Term
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Definition
- Measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or consumption) among individuals or households within a country deviates from a perfectly equal distribution
- Expressed on a scale between 0 and 1, zero being perfect equality and one being perfect inequality (no countries have perfect 0s or 1s and tend to be closer to 0) |
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Term
| Indicators of Economic Development |
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Definition
- Production of wealth (measured by Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Product and Gross National Income)
- Distribution of wealth/income |
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Term
| Indicators of Social Development |
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Definition
| Levels of education, school enrolment, literacy rates, life expectancy and nutrition levels |
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Term
| Human Development Index (HDI) |
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Definition
- Created by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
- A composite index composed of 3 variables: longevity (measured by life expectancy), knowledge (measured by adult literacy and primary, secondary and tertiary enrolment) and standard of living (measured by real GDP per capita)
- The HDI is calculated for each country and expressed on a scale from 0-1
- 1 means a country has the highest possible quality of life
- Countries are ranked from high (0.81+), to medium (0.51 – 0.8) and low (less than 0.5)
- Developed countries of the North tend to score higher than developing countries in the south |
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Term
| Indicators of Political Development |
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Definition
- Degree of state capacity
- Degree of political stability
- Degree of governmental responsiveness and representation |
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