Term
| What are the three qualifications for the office of president? |
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Definition
(1) Natural born citizen
(2) 35 years of age
(3) Resident of the U.S. for a minimum of 14 years |
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Term
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Definition
| A closed meeting of a political or legislative group to select candidates, plan strategy, or make decisions regarding legislative matters. |
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Term
| National Convention System |
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Definition
| 19th century method of nominating candidates for all elective offices. It was a nondemocratic method dominated by a few leaders, but it did open the presidency to larger social forces and newly organized interests in society. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific powers granted to the president by the Constitution. They cannot be revoked by the Congress or any other agency without an amendment to the Constitution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Constitutional powers that are assigned to one government agency but exercised by another with the permission of the first. Powers given to the president by Congress due to the expansion of governmental activity in the U.S. since the New Deal. Congress cannot executive and administer all the programs it creates and laws it enacts, and must turn to the agencies under the control of the executive branch, and at times create new agencies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Powers claimed by a president that are not expressed in the Constitution but are inferred from it. For example, when Lincoln issued a series of executive orders after the outbreak of the Civil War. |
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Term
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Definition
| Makes the president the highest military authority in the U.S. with control of the entire defense establishment. Commander of the national military service and the state national guard. |
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Term
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Definition
| The president can send troops into action abroad only by authorization of congress or if U.S. troops are already under attack or seriously threatened. Reasserted the principle of Congress's power to declare war. |
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Term
| Domestic Power of the President |
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Definition
| The U.S. shall protect every State against invasion and domestic violence; however, the president is not allowed to send troops into individual states without state legislature's request, or if it is necessary to maintain an essential national service during emergency or protect guaranteed civil rights. Ex: Little Rock Arkansas. |
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Term
| Presidential Judicial Power |
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Definition
| Power to grant reprieves, pardons, and amnesties involves the power of life and death over all individuals who may be a threat to the security of the U.S. |
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Term
| Presidential Diplomatic Power |
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Definition
| The president is America's "head of state," its chief representative in dealing with other nations. The president has the power to make treaties with other nations (with consent from Senate), receive Ambassadors, and recognize other countries. |
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Term
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Definition
| An agreement between the president and another country that has the force of a treaty, but does not require the advice or consent of the Senate. Usually used to carry out commitments already made in treaties or to arrange for matters well below the level of policy. |
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Term
| Presidential Executive Power |
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Definition
| The president must see that all laws are faithfully executed, which provides that one must appoint, remove, and supervise all executive officers and appoint all federal judges. The president is essentially the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the nation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The claim that confidential communications between the president and the president's close advisers should not be revealed without the consent of the president. However, in the Watergate Scandal, Nixon was forced to turn over the tapes and resign from office. |
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Term
| State of the Union Address |
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Definition
| Obligation of the president to make recommendations for Congress's consideration. Serves as a primary initiator of proposals for legislative action in Congress and the principal source for public awareness of national issues. |
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Term
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Definition
| The president's constitutional power to turn down acts of Congress within ten days of their passage while Congress is in session. However it may be over-ridden by a two-thirds vote of each house of Congress. Usually if a president does not sign a bill within ten days, it automatically becomes a law if Congress is still in session. |
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Term
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Definition
| A veto that is effected when Congress adjourns during the time a president has to approve a bill and the president takes no action on it. |
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Term
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Definition
| The power of the executive to veto specific provisions (lines) of a bill passed by the legislature. The Supreme Court ruled this unconstitutional in 1998. |
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Term
| Presidential Power of the Veto |
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Definition
| Presidents have used the power of the veto to equalize or perhaps upset the balance of power with Congress. An intricate bargaining process between the president and Congress, involving threats of vetoes, re-passage of legislation, and second vetoes. Congress will try to condition their actions based on how they assume the president with respond. The key to veto bargaining is uncertainty; with divided government the president tries to influence legislators' beliefs about what they must do to keep the president from using the veto power. |
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Term
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Definition
| The president's inherent power to bring a legislative agenda before Congress. It involves the president's ability to formulate proposals for important policies, and to initiate decisive action more frequently than Congress. For example Congress expects the President to set the agenda for public policy. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rules or regulations issued by the president that have the effect and formal status of legislation. Most provide for the reorganization of structures and procedures or otherwise direct the affairs of the executive branch. Allows the president to, within limits, govern without having to persuade. |
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Term
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Definition
| Described by Woodrow Wilson in 1885 as the system of three separate powers with a clear legislative supremacy. Jackson and Lincoln were the only exceptions to a succession of weak presidents in the 19th century. Federalism had fragmented political interests toward the state and local levels of government. |
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Term
| Significance of the New Deal Era |
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Definition
| Franklin Roosevelt's administration created new deal programs which were significant extensions of the traditional national governmental approach, including intervening in economic life and the authority of "police power." Most of the new agencies and new programs of the new deal were placed in the executive branch directly under presidential authority, greatly enhanced presidential power. Titled the national structure away from Congress-centered government toward a president-centered government. |
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Term
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Definition
| The informal designation for the heads of all the major departments of the federal government, appointed by the president with the consent of the Senate. The cabinet has no constitutional status, makes no group decisions, is not a collective body, and is not responsible to the Senate or to Congress at large. |
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Term
| National Security Council (inner cabinet) |
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Definition
| A presidential foreign policy advisory council composed of the president, vice president, secretaries of state, defense, and the treasury, and the attorney general. Presidents have been uneven and unpredictable in their reliance on the NSC. |
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Term
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Definition
| The analysts and advisers to the president, who tend to be more closely associated with the president than other presidentially appointed officials. Grows substantially with each successive president. A crucial information source and management tool for the president. |
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Term
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Definition
| An informal group of advisers to whom the president turns for counsel and guidance. Members of the official cabinet may or may not also be members of the Kitchen Cabinet. |
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Term
| Executive Office of the President (EOP) |
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Definition
| The permanent agencies that perform defined management tasks for the president. Created in 1939, the EOP includes the Office of Management and Budget, which roles in preparing the national government, the Council of Economic Advisers, the National Security Council, and other agencies which perform more specialized tasks. The importance of each agency of the EOP varies according to the personal orientation of the president. |
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Term
| Role of the Vice President |
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Definition
| To succeed the president in case of death, resignation, or incapacitation and to preside over the Senate, casting a tie-breaking vote when necessary. The main value of the vice president as a political resource for the president is electoral; giving the support of another state, or providing some balance of ideological or ethnic subsections of the party. |
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Term
| Distinction between divided and unified government |
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Definition
| Divided government makes the chief executive a bargainer, while unified government makes the chief executive a coordinator. |
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Term
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Definition
| A claim by a victorious candidate that the electorate has given him or her special authority to carry out promises made during the campaign. |
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Term
| What are the three means by which presidents can expand their power? |
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Definition
(1) party
(2) popular mobilization
(3) administration |
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Term
| Party as a source of power to the President |
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Definition
| All presidents have relied on the members and leaders of their own party to implement their legislative agendas. However the president often poses as being above partisanship in order to win bipartisan support in Congress. |
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Term
| Publicity as a form of Presidential power |
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Definition
| During the 19th century, personal campaigning was seen as inappropriate; however, Franklin Roosevelt was firmly persuaded of the need to form a direct link between the executive office and the public. FDR embarked on speaking trips around the nation, and held his famous "fireside chats" through the use of the radio. Roosevelt also used the press, and was the first president to appoint a press secretary. |
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Term
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Definition
| Presidential politics in which all presidential actions are taken with reelection in mind. Clinton was among one of the most traveled presidents in American history, with his high public profile and number of public appearances. |
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Term
| What are the three ways in which presidents have increased the administrative capabilities of their office? |
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Definition
(1) enhanced the reach and power of the EOP
(2) increase White House control over the federal bureaucracy
(3) expanded the role of executive orders |
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Term
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Definition
| The process through which presidents have sought to control rule making by the agencies of the executive branch. The discretion Congress delegates to administrative agencies has provided recent presidents with an important avenue for expanding their power. |
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Term
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Definition
| A way that Congress may approve a presidential action after the fact or, in effect, ratify a presidential action by not objecting for long periods of time or by continuing to provide funding for programs. |
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