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Definition
A way to get a bill passed everyone in the legislature wants passed.
This is how most bills are passed through the legislature. |
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One job of the legislature which is investigating the executive branch and the bureaucracy for any wrong doing.
Fire alarm is done with others allergy the legislature of wrong doing. Police control is when the legislature actively looks for wrong doing. |
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Legal way interest groups donate money directly to candidates.
This money does not allow them to buy influence over policy. |
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Representative of an interest group that goes and talks to the elected individuals directly.
No evidence this actually has influence over parties. |
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Made it difficult for 3rd parties to get on the ballot, by ways such as needing to get a certain amount of signatures months in advance.
This was ruled unconstitutional. |
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Election where officials run without a party label.
This happens in most local elections. This also dilutes the power of parties. |
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Definition
Candidates are grouped by the position not the party.
Decreases straight ticket voting. |
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Definition
Having senior members who remember what the legislature has done in the past and why they did it.
Term limits destroy this. |
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Term
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Definition
The person in charge of the state party.
This person is the contact between the state and national governments. This person also has the most influence on states party's electoral strategies, such as who to recruit and financing. |
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Term
| 1 A - Types of states that tend to have higher voter turnouts. |
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Definition
1. Wealthier States
2. Highly Educated States
3. Higher population of senior citizens
4. Higher population of long-term residents
5. Competitive states
6. Moralistic political culture
7. Racially less diverse (this theory is declining) |
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| 1 B - What can states do to increase voter turnout? |
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Definition
1. At the poll registration
2. Easier residency requirements
3. No excuse absentee balloting
4. Vote by mail (biggest impact)
5. Later registration closing dates
6. Automatic registration (not proven yet, but being implemented in a few states and expected to increase voter turnout) |
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| 1 C - What can states do to decrease voter turnout? |
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Definition
1. Require photo IDs
2. Limit voting hours
3. Voter role purges (unregistering certain voters, so they get to the poles and have to re-register, which in some states is difficult, or means they can't vote that day) |
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| 1 D - What can states do to make it more difficult for third parties to qualify for the ballot? |
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Definition
1. Signature requirements
2. Certain amount of signatures must come from each congressional district (distribution requirements)
3. Time to obtain signatures |
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Term
| 2 A - The three types of legislatures based on professionalization and opportunities for career advancement? |
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Definition
1. Dead-end Legislature - Low compensation, little staff, low time commitment, amateur legislature, few opportunities for career advancement.
2. Springboard Legislature - Moderately compensated, lots of staff, time commitment is moderate, middle level of professionalization, many opportunities for career advancement.
3. Career Legislature - Well compensated (enough to be full time job), Lots of staff, high time commitment, Can't hold a job outside of the state legislature, high professionalization |
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| 2 B - How does a low level of professionalization effect the legislature? |
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Definition
1. Loss of institutional memory
2. Not a lot gets done |
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| 2 C - what is the effect of term limits on a legislature? |
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Definition
1. Loss of institutional memory/senior members
2. Become more reliant on governor and interest groups
3. Difference in experience by chambers
4. Leads to poor policy
5. Moving up or moving out
6. Increased partisanship |
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| 3 A - Describe the ways interest groups attempt to influence public policy. |
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Definition
1. Lobbying - not very effective/influential, not designed to make people change minds, designed to keep current supporters, not just one side that lobby's, efforts often cancel each other out.
2. Campaign donations - no influence on donations, people donate based on how candidates - not vice versa.
3. Grassroots lobbying - can be effective if done correctly, have to get people organized, people responding to public opinion |
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| 3 B - What determines the likelihood interest groups will be successful in changing public policy. |
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Definition
1. low issue saliency - the public doesn't care either way
2. Term limits
3. Economic groups do better - good obtained only go to people who contributed to accessing them
4. Issue crosses party lines
5. Amateur legislatures |
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Term
| 3 C - Why does it appear interest groups often fail to influence public policy? |
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Definition
| The efforts from the different parties cancel each other out. |
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| 4 A - Various roles parties play in state and local politics. |
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Definition
1. Campaign organization
2. Nominating rules for office
3. Coordinate campaign interest groups, local party organizations
4. Elect delegates from national convention
5. Recruitments/Derecruitments
6. Endorsements
7. Provide financial assistance. |
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| 4 B - Recruitment for the state legislature, statewide offices, and local offices. |
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Definition
1. State legislature - very common, trying to get qualified people (who've held office), and with the ability to win
2. Statewide offices - not very common, unless when have incumbent
3. Local offices - very common, need qualified people |
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| 4 C - When does recruitment happen and is it effective? |
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Definition
1. Open seats
2. Dead-end or professional
3. Competitive districts
4. Term limits |
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