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| ___________ is the study and comparison of domestic politics across countries. |
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| __________ are organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake. |
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| ___________ is often defined as the struggle in any group for power that will give one or more persons the ability to make decisions for the larger group. |
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| __________ is defined as the ability to influence or impose one's will onto others. |
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| A _____________ is a way to make comparisons across cases and draw conclusions. |
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| ___________ is the means by which we go from studying a case to generating a hypothesis. (__________ Argument - It has rained every Thursday for the past 6 years so it is highly likely it will rain this Thursday.) |
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| ___________ is when one starts with a puzzle and from there, generating some hypothesis about cause and effect which will then be tested against a number of cases. (_________ argument - Jake is taller than Jill. Jill is taller than Randy Savage. Therefore, Jake is taller than Randy Savage.) |
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| A __________ is an apparent correlation between certain factors or variables. |
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| The ______________ states that as societies developed, they became capitalist democracies, converging around a shared set of values and characteristics. |
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| The _____________ was when the subject of investigation shifted away from political institutions (such as legislatures and constitutions) and toward individual political behavior. |
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| The _______________ trend in comparative politics put an emphasis on describing political systems and their various institution. |
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| The _______________ trend in comparative politics studies the shift from a descriptive study of politics to one that emphasizes causality, explanation, and prediction; places greater emphasis on the political behavior of individuals as opposed to larger political structures and on quantitative over qualitative methodology; moderatization theory predominent. |
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| The _______________ trend in comparative politics focuses on the rejection of a grand theory of politics; criticism of modernization theory as biased and inaccurate; diversity of methods and political approaches, emphasizing such issues as gender, culture, environment, and globalization. |
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| The _______________ is the gathering of statistical data across a large number of countries in order to look for correlations and test hypotheses about cause and effect. Emphasis o breadth over depth. |
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| The ________________ is a mastery of a limited number of cases through the detailed study of their history, language, and culture. Emphasis on depth over breadth. |
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| _______________ is the ability of an individual to act independently, without fear of restriction or punishment by the state or other individuals or groups in society. |
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| __________ refers to a shared material standard of individuals within a community, society, or country. |
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| The __________ is the organization that maintains a monopoly of violence over a territory. |
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| __________ is the ability to carry out actions or policies within a territory independently from external actors or internal rivals. |
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| A state needs to be able to act as the _____________ over its territory and the people who liver there, setting forth laws and rights, resolving disputes between people and organizations, and generating domestic security. |
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| A __________ is the fundamental rules and norms of politics. |
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| __________ is the leadership or elite in charge of running the state. |
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| __________ is the shorthand for concepts such as state, government, regime, as well as the people who live within that political system. |
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| __________ happens when individuals band together to protect themselves and create common rules, leadership chosen from among people. Security through cooperation. |
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| __________ happens when individuals are brought together by a ruler, who imposes authority and monopolizes power. Security through domination. |
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| Democratic Rule uses __________. |
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| Authoritarian Rule uses ____________. |
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| ____________ is a value whereby something or someone is recognized and accepted as right and proper. |
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| ____________ often embodies historical myths and legends as well as the continuity between past and present. Rituals and ceremonies all help to reinforce ____________ by providing actions and symbols that are ancient, unique, and dramatic. An example is a monarchy. |
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| ____________ is in many ways the very opposite of traditional Legitimacy. Rather than relying on the weight of history and the continuity of certain roles or values, ____________ is based on the power of ideas, or what is sometimes called "the gift of grace." |
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| ____________ is not based on history or rituals or on the force of ideas but rather on a system of laws and procedures that are highly institutionalized. Leaders or political offices are legitimate by virtue of the rules by which they come to office. Moreover, people abide by the decisions of these actors because they believe that the rules the leaders enforce serve as the public interest. An example is an elected executive. |
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| Rational-Legal Legitimacy |
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| Under ____________, significant powers, such as taxation, lawmaking, and security, are devolved to regional bodies that control specific territory within the country. These powers are defined within the national constitution and therefore are not easily constricted or eliminated by any government. |
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| ____________ invest most poliitcal power at the national level, with limited local authority. The central government is responsible for most areas of policy. |
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| ____________ is a way to increase state legitimacy by vesting political power closer tot he people, a concern as states have grown larger and more complex over time or it can be seen as a way to resolve problems like ethnic or religious differences by giving certain groups greater autonomy. |
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| ____________ is the ability of the state to wield its power independently of the public or international actors. If a state wishes to carry out an action or a policy, it can do so without having to consult the public or worry about strong public or international opposition that might force it to reverse its decision. |
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| ____________ is a broad term that refers to complex human organization, a collection of people bound by shared institutions that define how human relations should be conducted. |
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| ____________ emphases a person's relationship to other members of society. ____________ is a set of institutions that bind people together through a common culture. |
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| Ethnicity/Ethnic Identity |
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| ____________ is a set of institutions that bind people together through common political aspirations. |
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| ____________ is a pride in one's people and the belief that they have their own sovereign political destiny that is separate from those of others. |
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| ____________ is an individual's or group's relationship to the state; those who are citizens swear allegiance to that state, and that state in return is obligated to provide rights to those individuals or the members of that group. |
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| ____________ is pride in one's state. |
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| ____________ is a sovereign state encompassing one dominant nation that it claims to embody and represent. |
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| ____________ is conflict between ethnic groups that struggle to achieve certain political or economic goals at each other's expense. |
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| ____________ is when one or more groups have as their goal sovereignty, clashing with others in the quest to form an independent state. |
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| ____________ explanations of national conflict tend to be instituational in nature, stressing economic, societal, or political institutions that generate conflict. Conflict is generated by long-standing friction between groups. Animosity must burn itself out. Use of outside force will be ineffective. |
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| ____________ explanations of national conflict emphasize the roles of political leaders in mobilizing groups, fanning the flames of animosity to achieve their individual goals. Conflict is generated by elites. Conflict could be stoped by controlling political leaders responsible. Use of outside force can be effective. |
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| ____________ describe views regarding the necessary pace and scope of change between freedom and equality. |
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| ____________ believe in dramatic, often revolutionary change of the existing political, social, or economic order. |
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| ____________ favor evolutionary change. In the ____________ view, progressive change can happen through changes within the system; it does not require an overthrow of the system itself. ____________ believe that existing institutions can be an instrument of positive change. |
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| ____________ question whether any significant or profound change in existing institutions is necessary. ____________ are skeptical of the view that change is necessarily good in itself and instead view it as disruptive and leading to unforeseen outcomes. ____________ see existing institutions as key to proving basic order and continuity; should too much change take place, the very legitimacy of the system might be underminded. |
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| ____________ seek to restore political social, and economic institutions. ____________ advocate a restoration of values, a change back to a previous regime or state that they believe was superior to the current order. |
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| ____________ are defined as sets of political values held by individuals regarding the fundamental goals of politics. ____________ are concerned with the ideal relationship between freedom and equality for all individuals and the proper role of political institutions in achieving or maintaining this relationship. |
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