Term
What are the two types of
head executives and what do they represent? |
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Definition
1. Head of State
-Symbolic, Ceremonial
(Emperor, King, Queen)
2. Head of Government
-Effective roles of the executive
(President, chancellor, prime minister) |
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Term
| What is the difference between a fused executive and a dual executive? |
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Definition
| A fused executive is both the head of government and head of state. While a dual executive is 2 different people. |
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Term
| List 6 functions of executives. |
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Definition
-Voice of the people
-Commander-in-chief
-Protector of peace
-Manager of prosperity
-Chief diplomat, law enforcement, and legislator
-make international agreements |
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Term
| Who thought up the idea of a bureaucracy and why? |
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Definition
Max Weber
-Thought bureaucracies were essential to modern life |
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Term
| What are the 4 core elements of a bureaucracy? |
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Definition
1. Bureaucratic workers operate within fixed jurisdiction and are responsible for specific tasks, develop expertise, and establish accountability.
2. Authority exercised within a firm system of hierarchy. Strengthens accountability.
3. Operates on basis of written rules. Standard Operating Procedures. (SOP)
4. Assume their positions through expert training. They should not be appointed on basis of political patronage or through nepotism. |
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Term
| List 9 functions of bureaucracies. |
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Definition
1. Collect revenue
2. National defense
3. Service delivery
4. Income maintenance & redistribution
5. Regulation
6. Administrative discretion
7. Research and gather information
8. Specialized governmental (?)
9. Management of state enterprises |
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Term
| Why are elections necessary? |
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Definition
| Allow creation of government, give participation, citizen given choices of leaders and how issues can be resolved, citizen education, socialization conflict resolution, gives leader legitimacy, mandate renewal. |
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Term
| List 6 voting rights expansions. |
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Definition
1. Property
2. Race (Amendments 13, 14, & 15)
3. 1924 Indian Citizenship Act
4. Gender (Amendment 19)
5. 1961 23rd Amendment Permitted D.C. residents to vote in federal elections.
6. Age (Amendment 26)
Also Jim Crow Laws:
-Poll tax
-Literacy
-Grandfather clause
-White primaries |
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Term
| What are 9 essential characters of free & fair elections? |
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Definition
1. Regular
2. Meaningful
3. Equal weighting of votes
4. Free registration choice
5. Freedom to put forth candidates
6. Accurate report of results
7. Accurate counting of votes
8. Universal adult suffrage
9. Freedom to know and discuss choices |
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Term
| What are 2 majority systems used in single member elections? |
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Definition
1. Plurality
2. Absolute Majority |
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Term
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Definition
| -It does not require absolute majority, but only a higher number of votes than any other candidate, even if short a majority. |
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Term
| What is Absolute Majority? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a proportional election system? |
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Definition
| Vote is cast for a party's list of candidates. |
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Term
| What are 4 functions of legislatures? |
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Definition
1. House can impeach president
2. Investigation
3. Information gathering (to determine cause and solution.) |
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Term
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Definition
| A body of principles ordained by god or nature |
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Term
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Definition
| Law defined in terms of human agency that create and enforce it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wrongs against the whole community that pose a threat to the well-being of the people. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wrongs committed against private individuals but not damaging to the community. |
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Term
| What are the 2 systems of justice? |
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Definition
1. Adversary system
2. Inquisitorial system |
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Term
| What is the Adversary justice system? |
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Definition
| Court as umpire, neutral, hears evidence of 2 sides and declares a winner. |
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Term
| What is the Inquisitorial justice system? |
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Definition
| Court active, judge only brings case to trial if he/she feels guilt can be established. Final decision made by judge. |
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Term
| What are 6 functions of constitutionalism? |
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Definition
1. Express ideology
2. Express basic laws
3. Provide organizational framework
4. Specify levels of government
5. Specify amendment procedure
6. Provides for the legitimacy of government |
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Term
| What is a "true" democracy? |
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Definition
| Direct participation of the people in governmental decisions |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of democracy? |
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Definition
1. Participatory democracy
2. Representative democracy
3. Electoral democracy
4. Liberal/Illiberal democracy |
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Term
| What is a Political Economy? |
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Definition
| How decisions of policies and government intervention affect the economy. |
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Term
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Definition
| This occurs when households and firms within a country are engaged in increasing levels of production. |
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Term
| When is it necessary for the state to intervene with the free market? |
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Definition
-When important goods are produced for profit
-Means of production scale beyond capacity of private firms
-To enforce legal contracts
-Protect people from dangerous or illegal goods
-State's policy to provide goods to those who cannot otherwise afford it (Food stamps, welfare)
-Redistribution
-Trade protectionism |
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Term
| Who contributes to the creation of public policies? |
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Definition
-The people
-The elite
-The class
-The group |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which public officials decide what the content of the policy will be. |
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