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| The repetition of identical or similar consonant sounds, normally at the beginnings of words. |
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| A reference in a work of literature to something outside the work, especially to a well known historical or literary event, person, or work. |
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| A figure of speech characterized by strongly contrasting words, clauses, sentences, or ideas, as in "Man proposes, God disposes." A balancing of one term against another for emphasis or stylistic effectiveness. |
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| A figure of speech in which someone, some abstract quality, or a nonexistent personage is directly addressed as though present. |
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| The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds. |
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| A four line stanza rhymed abcd with four feet in lines one and three and three feet in lines two and four. |
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| Unrhymed iambic pentameter. |
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| A harsh, unpleasant combination of sounds or tones. It may be an unconscious flaw in the poet's music, resulting in harshness of sound or difficulty of articulation, or it may be used consciously for effect. |
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| A pause, usually near the middle of a line of verse, usually indicated by the sense of the line, and often greater than the normal pause. |
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| An ingenious and fanciful notion or conception, usually expressed through an elaborate analogy, and pointing to a striking parallel between two seemingly dissimilar things. A conceit may be a brief metaphor, but it also may form the framework of an entire poem. |
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| The repetition of similar consonant sounds in a group of words. The term usually refers to words in which the ending consonants are the same but the vowels that precede them are different. "add and read" "bill and ball" "born and burn" |
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| A two line stanza, usually with end rhymes the same. |
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| the techniques of deploying the sound of words, especially in poetry. Among devices of sound are RHYME, ALLITERATION, ASSONANCE, CONSONANCE, AND ONOMATOPOEIA. The devices are used for many reasons, including to create a general effect of pleasant or of discordant sound, to imitate another sound, or to reflect a meaning. |
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| The use of words in a literary work. Can be formal, informal, colloquial, or slang. |
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| A poem which is intended primarily to teach a lesson. The distinction between didactic poetry and non didactic poetry is difficult to make and usually involves a subjective judgement of the author's purpose on the part of the critic or the reader. |
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| A poem which employs a dramatic form or some element or elements of dramatic techniques as a means of achieving poetic ends. |
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| A sustained and formal power setting forth the poet's meditations upon death or another solemn theme. |
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| A line with a pause at the end. Lines that end with a period, a comma, a colon, a semicolon, and exclamation point, or a question mark. |
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| The continuation of the sense and grammatical construction from one line of poetry to the next. |
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| An implied analogy, or comparison, which is carried throughout a stanza or an entire poem. |
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| A style in which combinations of words pleasant to the ear predominate. Opposite of cacophony. |
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| Rhyme that appears correct from spelling, but is half rhyme or slant rhyme from the pronunciation. (Watch and Match) |
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| A rhyme of two syllables, one stressed and one unstressed, as "waken" and "forsake." Sometimes called double rhyme. |
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| Writing that uses figures of speech such as metaphor, irony, and simile. Figurative language uses words to mean something other than their literal meaning. |
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| Poetry which is not written in a traditional meter but is still rhythmical. |
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| Two end stopped iambic pentameter lines rhymed aa, bb, cc with the thought usually completed in the two line unit. |
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| A deliberate, extravagant, and often outrageous exaggeration. It may be used for either serious or comic effete. |
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| The images of a literary work; the sensory details of a work, the figurative language of a work. Visual auditory or tactile images evoked by words. |
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| The contrast between actual meaning and the suggestion of another meaning. Verbal irony is a figure of speech in which the actual intent is expressed in words which carry the opposite meaning. Irony is likely to be confused with sarcasm, but it differs from sarcasm in that it is usually lighter, less harsh in its wording though in effect probably more cutting because of its indirectness. The ability to recognize irony is one of the surer tests of intelligence and sophistication. (Hyperbole and understatement) |
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| Rhyme that occurs within a line, rather than at the end. |
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| Any short poem that presents a single speaker who expresses thoughts and feelings. Love lyrics are common, but lyric poems have also been written on subjects as different as religion and reading. Sonnets and odes are lyric poems. |
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| Rhyme that falls on the stressed and concluding syllables of the rhyme words. Examples include "keep and sleep" "glow and no" |
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| A figurative use of language in which a comparison is expressed without the use of a comparative term like "as," "like," or "than." |
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| The repetition of a regular rhythmic unit in a line of poetry. The meter of a poem emphasizes the musical quality of the language and often relates directly to the subject matter of the poem. Each unit of meter is known as a foot. |
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| A figure of speech which is characterized by the substitution of a term naming an object closely associated with the word in mind for the word itself. In this way we commonly speak of the king as the "crown," an object closely associated with kingship. |
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