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| a series of lines in verse in which the first or last letters form a word or phrase |
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| the repetition of the same or similar sounds at the beginning of words |
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| a figure of speech that makes brief, often indirect reference to an artist, work, historical figure, major event or cultural object |
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| a metrical foot of three syllables, two short (unstressed) follwed by one long (stressed) |
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the repetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more successive lines of verse
e.g.:
This is the dead land
This is cactus land |
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| words that are spoken to a person who is absent or imaginary, or to an object or abstract idea |
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| the repetition or a pattern of similar sounds, especially vowel sounds |
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| the individual or object to whom a poem is addressed, the imagined or constructed listener |
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| a poem that tells a story similar to a folk tale or legend and often has a repeated refrain |
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| poetry that is written in unrhymed iambic pentameter |
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| a major pause or break within a line of poetry, or between lines; denoted by semicolons, colons, periods, dashes or question marks, not by commas, which indicate only brief pauses |
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| a Latin expression that means "seize the day." These poems urge the reader to live for today and enjoy the pleasures of the moment. |
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a reversal of the order of two words or phrases in otherwise parallel statements for rhetorical effect.
e.g.:
"The years to come a waste of breath, a waste of breath the years behind." |
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| the repetition of simiilar consonant sounds after a stressed vowel, especially at the ends of words...as in lost and past or confess and dismiss. |
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| in a poem, a pair of lines that are the same length and usually rhyme and form a complete thought. |
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| a metrical foot of three syllables, one long (stressed) followed by two short (unstressed) |
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| the mixture of inharmonious or clashing sounds to create a sense of discord - also known as cacophony |
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| a word or expression used so as to suggest two simultaneous meanings, especially when one of the meanings is risque. |
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| a kind of lyric which the poet addresses another individual who is literally present (often responsive) as he speaks the poem |
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| a poem in which an invented speaker, or persona, (not the poet himself) reveals his/her feelings and temperament by addressing another individual or himself/herself |
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| poetry written about other works of art, such as Keats's "Ode on a Grecian Urn" |
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| a lyric poem that laments the death of a person, normally sad and thoughtful |
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| omitting a letter or unstressed syllable at the beginnning or end of a word so that a line of verse will conform to a given metrical scheme |
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| the continuation of thought from one line of a poem to the next without a pause |
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| the substitution of a mild, indirect or vague word or expression for a harsh or blunt one |
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| two or more syllables that together make up the smallest unit of rhythm in a poem |
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| poetry composed of lines that have no set meter, usually but not always unrhymed |
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| a stanza composed of two rhymed lines in iambic pentameter |
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| a figure of speech in which deliberate exaggeration is used for emphasis. (Many everyday expressions are examples...tons of money, waiting for ages, etc.) |
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| a metrical foot of two syllables, one short (unstressed) and one long (stressed) |
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| instinctive defining patterns, shapes, and colors of God's creations on earth |
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| creative divine force/energy of God that shapes inscapes (an abstract power/energy) |
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| a form of dramatic monologue similar to the soliloquy in which the speaker silently addresses himself; the speaker is his own auditor |
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| rhyming sounds among two or more words within lines of poetry, rather than at the ends of lines |
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| a poem, such as a sonnet or an ode that expresses the inner thoughts and private feelings of the poet |
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| a figure of speech in which two things are compared, without the use of like or as, usually by saying one thing is another, or by substituting a more descriptive word for the more common or usual word that would be expected. |
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| the arrangement of a line of poetry by the number of syllables and the rhythm of accented (stressed) syllables |
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| an extended and complexly developed poetic comparison that often yokes highly dissimilar concepts, as in Donne's comparison of God to an invading army |
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a figure of speech in which one word is substituted for another with which it is closely associated
e.g.:
"The pen is mightier than the sword"
- pen meaning "the written word"
- sword meaning "military power" |
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theory of John Keats in which poets are capable of being in uncertainties, mysteries, doubts without any irritable reaching after facts and reason
- (the ability to accept not everything can be resolved) |
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| a word coined or invented by a poet, as Lewis Carroll's "furminous" and "manxome" from "Jabberwocky" |
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| a lyric poem that is serious and thoughtful in tone and has a very precise, formal structure. A sustained lyric meditation |
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| a figure of speech in which words are used to immitate sounds (buzz, hiss, zing, clippety-clop, tick-tock, etc.) |
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| a figure of speech combining in one phrase two seemingly contradictory elements, such as cold fire, loving hate, unchanging motion, feather of lead, etch. |
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| a statement that appears to be contradictory but upon closer examination makes sense |
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| the placing together of words or phrases without using the usual connective words, as in Dickinson's poetry |
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| a style of poetry, lyric or non-lyric, that depicts rural life in a peaceful, idealized way |
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| a character created by a poet who speaks in a dramatic monologue |
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| a sonnet divided into two parts, the octave (first 8 lines) and the sestet (last 6 lines). The octave (rhyme scheme a-b-b-a/a-b-b-a) states a proposition or problem. In the 9th line is the volta or "turn" in the poem that moves to the sestet (rhyme scheme c-d-e-c-d-e), which provides a resolution to the octave. |
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| a figure of speech in which things or abstract ideas are given human attributes |
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| the anticipation of a response in the future, particularly a future memory of the present moment |
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| a stanza or poem of four lines |
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| rhyme scheme in four line stanzas using alternating rhyme sounds, abab, cdcd, etc. |
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| a line or group of lines that is repeated throughout the poem, usually after every stanza, as in Tennyson's "The Lady of Shalott" |
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| sonnet constructed of four stanzas: three quatrains and a final couplet composed in iambic pentameter. The rhyme scheme is abab, cdcd, efef, gg |
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| a figure of speech in which two things are compared using the word "like" or "as" |
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| a metrical foot of two syllables, both of which are long (stressed), used as a variation |
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| poetic rhythm designed to imitate the rhythm of natural speech. It allows for an indeterminate number of syllables per foot, but a consistent amount of feet per line. The first syllable of each foot must be stressed and is followed by any amount of unstressed syllables |
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| an image (person, place, or thing) that suggests meanings beyond the literal sense; they usually have meanings that are evolving and multiple, rarely one-to-one correspondence |
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a figure of speech in which a part is used to designate the whole or the whole is used to disignate a part.
e.g.:
"all hands on deck" means "all men on deck," not just their hands |
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| description of one kind of sensory experience in combination with another, such as attributing color to feeling ("convulsed with scarlet pain") or tactile feeling to sound ("icy notes") |
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| three line stanza or conclusion to a stanza in which all three lines have the same end-rhyming sound |
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| a type of poetry consisting of 10- or 11- syllable lines arranged in three-line stanzas with the rhyme scheme aba bcb cdc, etc. |
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| a writer's attitude toward his/her subject conveyed in a literary work |
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