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| Objects and characters in the story or poem represent a second level of meaning besides the surface story by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor. There are two levels: literal and symbolic |
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George Orwell's Animal Farm
Carpenter's Son
After Apple-Picking Birches (Climbing / learning)
Design (incident / design)
Grindstone |
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| Repetition of sounds in nearby words, usually involving the first consonant sounds. It depends on sound, not spelling. |
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Flags flating free
Six slithering snakes
Kat caught a cough
Fern Hill
Gerry Garman
Donkey |
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| A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art (often from Bible, Greek or Roman myths, historical or political events). |
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The vision
A page from our vision
Trees
A Midsummer Night's Dream: "by Cupid's strongest bow..." |
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| resemblance or comparison between two different things; where you explain a complex situation by relating it to a simpler idea |
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"That's like when..."
Mending wall
Take something like a star
Tree at my window |
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| A figure of speech consisting of words addressing an inanimate object, abstract idea, or deceased individual as though that object, idea, or individual were alive. |
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"Oh Canada..."
"Death, where is thy sting?"
The Anxious Dead
I'm a rock |
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| Repetition of stressed vowel sounds. |
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Three / beach
Say / played
Flame / pain
Twinkle twinkle little star
Great Sea
We real cool |
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| Narrative poem, originally desinged to be sung. |
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Four line stanzas;
Rhyme scheme of abcb;
Simple language;
Dramatic action. |
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Definition
The Twa Corbies
Fair Helen
Ballad
Wreck on the Highway
Sadie and Maud |
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| Poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. Great English writers of blank verse have included Shakespeare, Wordsworth, and Browning. |
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| "For thou art with me here upon the banks / Of this fair river thou my dearest friend." |
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| Use of harsh, discordant sounds for poetic effect. |
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"All day cows mooed and shrieked / Hollered and bellowed and wept..."
Two strangers
Of Nothing at all: Orders |
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| Where the actual typeset layout of the poem suggest the topic of the poem. For example, a poem about trees might be shaped like a tree on a page. |
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| The aura, the field of association, surrounding a particular word. |
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| Compare the connotations and denotations (the exact dictionary defintions) of the words, house and home. House is quite standard, while home can have many meanings. |
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Definition
Compare the connotations and denotations (the exact dictionary defintions) of the words, house and home. House is quite standard, while home can have many meanings.
A House Divided
Signature
The Twa Corbies |
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| The repetition of the same consonant sound within words close together. |
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"Such weight and thick, pink bulk..."
"Thick, dark, gulk"
Chimney Sweeper
Faith Healer
Wonder Where the Lions Are |
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| The literal meaning of a word, such as its dictionary definition. |
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| Madonna of the Evening Flowers |
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| A term for a poem that teachers, almost preaches. It often discuss the "proper" way to behave. The lesson being taught is more important to the writer than the artisitic quality of the work. |
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| A poem in which an imaginary character speaks to a silent listener. During the monologue, the speaker reveals his or her personality, usually at a moment of crisis. |
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Hamlet's "to be or not to be" speech
My Last Duchess
Stopping by woods on a snowy evening |
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| A poem or song composed especially as a lament for a deceased person. It may mourn a particular person or reflect on a serious or tragic theme, such as the passing of youth, beauty, or a way of life. |
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Death by Street Car
Keine Lazarovitch
Do not go gentle into that good night
The funeral blues |
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| A serious or humourous poem on a gravestone. |
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"Here lies dear old Uncle Bill, We loved him then and always will."
She dwelt among the untrodden ways by William Woodsworth |
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| Use inoffensive or neutral words to describe those felt to be too blunt o painful. This reduces the risk that the listener will be upset or offended. |
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"passed away" for died
Last Ride -> Tears fall -> Cry |
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| The pleasant, musical quality produced by agreeable sounds in a line of poetry. |
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"And the words hung hused in their long white dream / By the ghostly glimmering, ice-blue stream."
Still remains the sound of silence
A slumber did my spirit seal
Stopping by words on a snowy evening |
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| where you discover something poetic in prose |
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| Poetry which has no regular patterns of rhyme, meter, or length! |
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"Thin as death / the dark brown weasel slides / like smoke through night's hard silence."
Snake
The islands
The red wheelbarrow |
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| An exaggeration not intended to deceive, either for comic or serious effect. |
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Definition
"He must have weighed a ton."
Stopping by woods on a snowy evening
O my luve is like a red red rose |
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Definition
| Choosing words to create a strong pictue or image in the reader's mind. Although most often a visual picture, it can also relate to any of the other four senses (taste, touch, hearing, smell). |
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Definition
"A blanket of soft snow covered the sleeping tractor."
Fog |
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Definition
| Literary techniques that involve surprising, interesting, or amusing contradictions. |
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Definition
Birches
Range-Finding
Ghost House
Stars
Ex-basketball player "Flick seldom speaks..." |
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Definition
Verbal
Dramatic
Situational |
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| Words are used to suggest the opposite of their usual meaning. |
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| "Oh, goody! It's time to do my math homework." |
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| There is a contradiction between what a character thinks and what the reader knows to be true. |
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| A man is eager to go home to see his wife ->the audience knows his wife is involved with another man. |
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| Difference between what happens and what would be expected to happen. |
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| A student studies for days for an English test but sleeps in and fails it |
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| To place two unlikely things together side by side. |
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A writer may place an image of beauty next to a horrible or grotesque event to achieve a powerful contrast.
Phone booth
Small blue thing |
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| A poem (usually a short one) that expresses a speaker's personal thoughts or feelings. |
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Definition
Robert Frost's "The Road Not Taken"
Where have you gone
Graduation
Annabel Lee |
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| the comparison between two unlike things |
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| Without using "like" or "as" |
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My brother is a dead duck.
Winnipeg seen as a body of time and space
Hollow Men
Sailing to Byzantium |
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| Comparison that is used through a poem or story to continue to show added similarities between two things. |
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| Tennyson's Poem, "Crossing the bar", Compares death to a journey |
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| Naming something associated with what is really being talked about rather than naming the subject directly. |
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| The pen is mightier than the sword, we really refer to the words being more powerful than fighting. |
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Definition
| The dominant attitude or tone which runs through an entire piece of literature. |
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| There is a dark, negative mood throughout Poe's "The Raven" |
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| A lyric poem written in praise of someone or something |
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Definition
Ode on solitude
Ode to a Nightingale |
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Term
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Definition
| a word whose sound suggest its meaning |
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Definition
To a Mouse
Ouch, buzz, snarl, groan, bang, thud, crackle, buzz, chickadee |
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Term
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Definition
| a phrase consisitng of contradictory terms |
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Definition
Glorious pain, bitter sweet, jumbo shrimp, loud silence, war for peace
A miserable abundance
O beggarly riches
O heavy lightness |
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Definition
| Statement that at first seems contraditctory but proves to contain truth. |
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Definition
I must be cruel only to be kind
The silence was deafening. |
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A poem making fun of a serious poem while copying its style.
"Mad" Magazine |
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Definition
| Writing that uses cliches to show nature mirroring what happens in real life. |
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Definition
| Evil always happens on dark and stormy nights, while new lovers meet on beautiful spring days. |
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| Giving non-human things human characteristics. |
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Definition
The wind whispered throughout the night.
From Song of Myself
Fern Hill
Because I could not stop for death |
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Definition
| "playing" with the sound or meaning of words for humourous effect. |
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Definition
This coffee will peak me up
The knitting club |
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Term
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Definition
| the placing of words with similar end sounds reasonably close together to emphasize the similarity of their sounds |
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Definition
I think I shall never see
a poem as lovely as a tree
From Metrical Feet by Samuel Taylor Coleridge
It surely isne't a crime... by Jan Krasnode |
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Definition
| The pattern of rhyme within a stanza or poem, usually shown by marking each similar sound with the same letter of the alphabet |
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Definition
Steeple A
People A
Town B
Down B
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day |
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Definition
| Sarcasm, irony, wit used to ridicule or expose the silliness of human behaviour (usually with the hope of improving human conduct) |
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Definition
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Definition
| Comparison of two unlike objects |
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Definition
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Definition
He runs like a gazelle.
Ex-Basketball Player
My luve is like a red red rose
As in the beginning |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
English / Shakespearean sonnet
Italian / Petrarchan sonnet |
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| English / Shakespearean Sonnet Rules |
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Definition
has 3 quatrains followed by a couplete: abab cdcd efef gg
14 lines
Contain a problem and a solution
Has similes and metaphors of like and unlike |
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Term
| Italian or Petrarchan sonnet |
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Definition
an octave (8 line section) presenting a problem and a sestet (6 line section) that presents a solution
rhyme scheme: abba abba cde cde |
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Definition
a grouping of several lines of a poem (like a paragraph in a prose) usually separated from the next stanza by a space
usually 4 lines |
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Definition
Interior Monologue
presnetation of the natural flow of thoughts and feelings as they pass through the mind of a character, without apparent logic or order |
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Definition
Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway
Patterns |
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Definition
| Something chosen to represent something else |
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Definition
Dove for peace
Black for death / evil
Red for angle / passion
The sick rose |
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Definition
| Figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole |
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Term
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Definition
All hands on deck means all works on deck.
Stopping by woods on a snowy evening is life's journey
I have wheels means I have cars |
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Term
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Definition
| the attutide a writer takes twoard his / her project. It is created through the choice of words and detail |
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Definition
| serious and admiring, angry, envious. |
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Term
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Definition
| Another name for poetry (sometimes used to mean a stanza of a poem) |
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