Metaphor

A direct comparison of two unlike things.

Example:

 "All the world's a stage and we are merely players."

 Simile

A comparison of two things using "like," "as," "than," or "resembles."

Example:

"She is as beautiful as sunrise."

Imagery

Language that appeals to the senses

Example:

Most images are visual, but they can also appeal to the senses of sound, touch, taste, or smell.

 Onomatopoeia

Words that imitate the sound they are naming.

Example: Buzz!

also

Sounds that imitate another sound.

Example: "The silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of each purple curtain."

Personification

An animal given human-like qualities or an object given life-like qualities.

Example:

"dead leaves dance in the wind." or "blind justice"

An exaggeration often used for emphasis.

Example:

"I'm so hungry I could eat a horse!"

"I've told you a million times, stop!"

A reference to something famous.

Allusion comes from the verb "allude" which means "to refer to"

Example:

"A tunnel walled and overlaid with dazzling crystal: we had read of rare Aladdin's wondrous cave."

The dictionary meaning of a word.

 Example:

 What is written on the line.

Connotation

The implied or suggested meaning connected with a word.

Example:

CLAP!  Reading with the brain, not the eyes!

Alliteration

Consonant sounds repeated at the beginning of words.

Example:

If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?