Term
| What is the leading cause of ambulatory pneumonia |
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Definition
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Term
| Pathogenesis of atypical pneumonia: |
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Definition
| 1. laryngotracheobronchitis: large airway infection, submucosal infiltrate, epithelium injury and sloughing 2. bronciolitis: infection of small airways; submucosal lymphocytic infiltrates 3. cellular interstitial pneumonia: spread of bronciolitis in interstitium; lymphocyte, neutrophil infiltrate and edema 4. bronchopneumonia: neutrophilic inflammation and necrosis 5. diffuse alveolar damage |
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Term
| Influenza virus: virulence factors |
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Definition
| hemagglutinin (binds virus to cells) and neuraminidase (releases virus from cells) |
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Term
| Influenza virus: epidemiology |
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Definition
20,000 deaths/yr in US
epidemics cause additional 10-15,000 deaths/year
pandemics: cause many more deaths |
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Term
| Influenza virus: pandemics |
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Definition
occur every 10-60 years
due to emergence of a new virus with no immunity against it |
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Term
| influenza virus: epidemics |
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Definition
occur october-april,
increased cases in children followed by increase in adult cases,
peaks at 2-3 wks, lasts 5-6 wks |
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Term
| Influenza virus: symptoms |
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Definition
| fever, chills, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, malaise, anorexia; respiratory: nasal congestion, sore throat, hoarseness |
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Term
| influenza virus: complication |
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Definition
| pneumonia (primary influenza pneumonia and secondary bacterial pneumonia) |
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Term
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Definition
| vaccinate those susceptible: chronic cardiopulmonary disease, renal disease, diabetes, immunosuppressed, elderly, healthcare professionals; effectiveness: decrease illness 30-40%, decrease mortality 50-70% |
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Term
Legionnaires Disease: family
-Legionella pneumophila |
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Definition
| Gram-, bacilli, respiratory |
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Term
| Legionnaire's disease: clinical syndrome |
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Definition
| asymptomatic seroconversion, mild febrile illness, severe progressive pneumonia |
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Term
| Legionnella: clinical symptoms |
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Definition
| high fever, dry cough, pleurisy, diarrhea, bradycardia, focal neurologic signs; laboratory: elevated liver and renal function tests |
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Term
|
Definition
| direct fluorescence assay (DFA) on tissue, fluids; culture (+7 days); serology |
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Term
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Definition
| alveolar infiltrates, abscess, interstitial infiltrates, ARDS |
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Term
| Legionella: associated with |
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Definition
| CONTAMINATED WATER: cooling towers, air conditioners, humidifiers, evaporative condensers |
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Term
| Mycoplasma pneumonia: diagnosis |
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Definition
| specific antibody test (auto-immune disease characterized by antibodies against RBCs), cold agglutinins |
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Term
| Chlamydia pneumonia: characterization, family |
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Definition
| obligate intracellular parasitic organism; doesn't gram stain well (gram-), wall too thin to be seen |
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Term
| ________accounts for 5-20% of CAP? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chlamidia pneumonia: disease course |
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Definition
| most cases are mild and self-limiting |
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Term
| Chlamydia pneumonia: treatment |
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Definition
| macrolides, tetracycline, fluoroquinolones |
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