Term
| Outputs of Plan Quality Process |
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Definition
| Quality management plan, Process improvement plan, Quality metrics, Quality checklists, Project document updates |
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Definition
| Used to examine all the reasons for and against a decision. A project manager can weigh the pros and cons of decisions about project quality. |
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Definition
| Used to discuss quality issues and generate ideas about quality planning. Should be carried out in a nonjudgmental environment, so that many ideas about quality planning can be generated. |
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Definition
| Used to compare the efficiency and effectiveness of alternatives based on the relationship between two criteria. Can be used to analyze the relationship between project cost and project performance. This can be useful in assessing the quality aspects of project costs ad performance. |
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Definition
| Used to rank the importance of diverse problems or issues. Are usually the result of brainstorming, and could be used to rank the importance of different quality issues. |
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Definition
| Used to sort various concepts into categories. |
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Definition
| Used to identify and rank major problems or key issues on a project |
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Definition
| Describe the purpose, start, and end of a process, as well as its inputs, requirements, process owner and stakeholders. |
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Definition
| Describes the design of a process, typically using a flow diagram to indicate how the process operates. When a process is configured, its design and flow is set or fixed. This enables you to benchmark the process and control changes to it. |
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Definition
| What you use to measure the performance of a process. |
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Term
| Targets for improved performance |
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Definition
| Metrics that the project manager or stakeholders define for improving the performance of a process. |
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Term
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Definition
| Identifies and ranks major problems or key issues on a project |
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Term
| Design of Experiments (DOE) |
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Definition
| Allows you to test methods, designs, materials, and other factors in a process to determine the optimal conditions. |
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Definition
| Specifies limits, which help you decide when adjustments need to be made to tasks. |
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Definition
| Staff recruitment is accelerated by offering attractive relocation packages to bring doctors to the city. |
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Term
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Definition
| The availability, level of qualification, and diversity of medical specialists is subject to quality control |
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Definition
| The weekly patient satisfaction rating has remained within target |
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Definition
| Each of the five hospitals in the region requires three more trauma surgeons |
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Term
| Updates to project documents |
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Definition
| The doctors qualifications have been verified by the issuing authority, and the letter of acceptance added to the file |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes making sure that the proper quality standards and procedures are used during a project. This involves quality requirement auditing and auditing the results of quality control measures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves monitoring and recording the results of carrying out the quality management plan, as outlined during the plan quality process. This includes checking the quality of processes and deliverables against the required standards, as well as proposing changes when necessary. |
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Term
| Perform Quality Assurance - Inputs |
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Definition
| Project Management Plan, Quality Metrics |
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Term
| Plan Quality Tools & Techniques |
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Definition
| Cost-Benefit analysis, Cost of Quality, Control Charts, Benchmarking, Design of Experiments |
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Term
| Perform Quality Assurance - Tools & Techniques |
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Definition
| Plan Quality & Perform Quality Control tools & techniques, Quality Audits, Process Analysis |
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Term
| Perform Quality Control Tools & Techniques |
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Definition
| Cause & effect diagrams, Control charts, Flowcharting, Histogram, Pareto chart, Scatter diagram, Statistical sampling, Inspection |
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Term
| Perform Quality Assurance - Outputs |
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Definition
| Change requests, Organizational process assets updates, Project management updates |
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Term
| Perform Quality Assurance - Goal |
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Definition
| Fulfill project customers needs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduces waste and non-value-added activities |
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Term
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Definition
| Define how the quality of a project attributes and processes will be measured. One example is to express team outputs in terms of percentages. |
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Term
| Work Performance Information |
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Definition
| Is collected from the project while it is in progress. This in conjunction with the agreed quality metrics will be the basis for quantifying actual project performance in terms of quality. |
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Term
| Quality control measurements |
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Definition
| The results obtained from performing quality control activities. During the perform quality assurance process, these results will be used to assess the success of the quality control methods that have been instituted. |
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Term
| Benefits of performing quality audits |
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Definition
| Performing quality audits identify processes that |
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Term
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Definition
| Inspecting work results, Checking approved change requests, Ensuring compliance with documentation |
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Term
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Definition
| Should reduce the cost of creating high-quality project deliverables by continually streamlining and improving processes. Quality audits aim to uncover any policies and procedures that arent efficient or arent yielding the results they should. This involves inspecting work results. Audits should also identify any further policies and procedures that are required. |
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Term
| Checking approved change requests |
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Definition
| Checking that corrective and preventive actions have been carried out properly. Ultimately, this will result in increased customer satisfaction. |
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Term
| Ensuring compliance with documentation |
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Definition
| Quality audits compare the projects documentation for processes, procedures, and work instructions with actual evidence of how the project work is being carried out. This documentation may include, for example sign off forms, defect logs, and progress reports. Compliance with project documentation ensures that project deliverables are on target and will meet the customers requirements. |
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Definition
| Identifies best practices, Shares good practices, Improves processes |
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Term
| Root cause analysis steps |
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Definition
| Define the problem, Gather data to describe the problem, Determine possible causes, Select the root cause, Develop a solution strategy, Test and evaluate the solution |
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Term
| Types of root cause analysis |
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Definition
| Faulty equipment, Lack of training, Redundant or missing procedures, Breakdown in communication, Unrealistic schedule or budget |
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Term
| Benefits of Perform Quality Control |
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Definition
| Determine whether results meet standards, Provides a method for measuring results, Helps Identify sources of unsatisfactory results |
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Term
| Prevention and inspection |
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Definition
| Prevention happens throughout the project. Prevention aligns with quality assurance. |
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Term
| Inputs that provide information needed for quality reviews |
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Definition
| Project management plan, Quality checklists |
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Term
| Inputs that contain the baseline quality standards |
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Definition
| Quality metrics, Approved change requests |
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Term
| Inputs that contain the actual work results |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What quality reviews must occur, What attributes will be checked, How quality problems must be recorded, Deadlines for quality reviews |
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Term
| Quality organizational process assets |
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Definition
| Standard work guidelines, Issue and defect reporting procedures, Communication policy |
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Term
| Work performance measurements |
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Definition
| The difference between planned and actual costs. Comparisons between planned and actual |
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Term
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Definition
| Identify what steps to take during reviews |
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Term
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Definition
| The criteria that will be measured to determine whether project work meets quality standards. For example, a metric related to the quality objective of staying within the approved budget can be the percentage variance from the budget for each deliverable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Can lead to ne or revised quality criteria for a project. For example, a quality assurance method, or the schedule baseline, can be changed to correct a schedule problem. Actual work results must then be measured against the new or updated quality criteria. |
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Term
| Perform quality Control Tools and Techniques |
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Definition
| Cause and effect diagrams, Control charts, Flowcharting, Histogram, Pareto chart, Run chart, Scatter diagrams, Statistical sampling |
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Term
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Definition
| Inspection, Statistical sampling, Approved change requests review |
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Term
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Definition
| Control Chart, Run chart, Scatter diagram |
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Term
| Cause identification and analysis |
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Definition
| Flowcharting, Cause and effect diagram, Histogram, Pareto chart |
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Term
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Definition
| Exists if the values of an independent variable have a clear and substantial effect on the values of the dependent variable. The closer the plotted points to a diagonal line running either up from where the axes intersect or down from a high value- the stronger the relationship between the two variables. |
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Term
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Definition
| One where the independent variable has a minor effect on the values of the dependent variable. Data points that follow an upward diagonal line but that arent close to the line indicate a weak correlation. |
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Definition
| Randomly scattered points on a scatter diagram indicate there is either no correlation or an insignificant one between the independent and the dependent variables. |
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Definition
| Measures the results of processes over time, and in relation to acceptable limits for variation. |
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Definition
| Identifies the possible correlation between process variables. |
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Definition
| Identifies trends, which can be used to predict future performance. |
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Term
| Two other names for a cause and effect diagram |
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Definition
| Fishbone diagram and Ishikawa diagram |
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Term
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Definition
| Helps identify the stage or part of a process where quality errors are being introduced |
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Term
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Definition
| Identifies which causes of defects require the most immediate attention |
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Definition
| Shows the relative importance of defect causes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Identifies the potential causes of a problem. |
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Term
| Pareto Principle 80/20 principle |
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Definition
| 80% of the defects are caused by 20% of possible sources. |
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Term
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Definition
| Develop list of causes, Record frequencies, Rank top causes, Find cumulative percentages, Create a histogram, Plot cumulative percentages |
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Term
| Perform Quality Control Output categories |
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Definition
| Outputs resulting from quality inspections, Outputs that involve documentation updates |
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Term
| Outputs resulting from quality inspections |
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Definition
| Quality control measurements, Validated changes, Validated deliverables, Change requests |
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Term
| Outputs that involve documentation updates |
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Definition
| Organizational process assets updates, Project management plan updates, Project Document updates |
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Term
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Definition
| Recommend alterations to project or product scope. These types of changes can impact the project management plan, project documents, and requirements for deliverables. |
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Term
| Changes to project include |
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Definition
| Corrective actions, Preventive actions, Defect repair |
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Term
| Organizational process assets |
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Definition
| Completed checklists, Lessons learned documentation |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes to recorded quality standards and work performance measurements. |
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Term
| Organizational process assets updates |
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Definition
| Elements of it that are updated include completed checklists and lessons learned. |
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Term
| Project management updates |
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Definition
| Changes to the quality management and process improvement guidelines for a project. |
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Term
| How to conduct quality control reviews |
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Definition
| Project management plan, Organizational process assets, Work performance measurements |
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Term
| Baseline quality standards |
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Definition
| Quality metrics, Approved change requests |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Functions part of a sponsors role in a project include |
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Definition
| Approving the project plan, schedule, and budget, Verifying progress, Chairing the Steering, committee, Approving deliverables, Communicating with stakeholders |
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Term
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Definition
| Word required to complete deliverables. |
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Term
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Definition
| The features and functions that characterize a product, service, or result. |
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Term
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Definition
| The total work required for a projects deliverables to meet all its objectives |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to how small, slow, and often unpredicted changes can creep by unnoticed or be ignored because their effect on project scope isnt realized. |
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Term
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Definition
| unexpected issues, perfectionism, placating stakeholders, misunderstandings |
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Term
| Scope Management Process groups |
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Definition
| Collect requirements, define scope, create wbs, control scope, verify scope |
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Term
| Collect Requirements process inputs |
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Definition
| Project charter, Stakeholder register |
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Term
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Definition
| Project stakeholders are the main source for collecting detailed requirements. High-level requirements are included in the project charter. Attributes of a product and the needs of the client determine requirements. Project requirements are the basis for identifying project scope and for all project planning and control. |
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Term
| Benefits of using a facilitated workshop to collect stakeholder requirements |
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Definition
| It helps balance the expectations of stakeholders with different interests. It is a fast way to obtain feedback from a diverse group of stakeholders. |
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Term
| Collect Requirements process Tools & Techniques |
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Definition
| Interviews, Focus groups, Facilitated workshop, Questionnaire |
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Term
| Group creativity Techniques |
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Definition
| Mind mapping, brainstorming, Nominal group technique, Delphi technique, Affinity diagrams |
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Term
| Group decision making techniques |
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Definition
| Plurality, Dictatorship, Majority, Unanimity |
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Term
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Definition
| The largest block in a group decides on a course of action |
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Term
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Definition
| One person makes a final decision for the group |
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Term
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Definition
| More than 50% of group members must agree on a course of action |
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Definition
| All members of a group agree on a course of action |
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Definition
| Job shadowing, participant observation |
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Definition
| A working model of a product |
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Term
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Definition
| Identify the objective, record all the ideas, make sure nobody criticizes, build on other people’s ideas |
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Term
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Definition
Identify a suitable group of experts
Send out a questionnaire
Collect and organize the responses
Let participants revise their responses
Compile the final list of requirements |
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Term
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Definition
Must be measureable - how much, how many, how well?
Must be testable |
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Term
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Definition
All requirements must be known and finalized before the phase starts
All resources for meeting the requirements must be available during the phase
The phase deliverable must meet all project requirements |
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Term
| Incremental phases with a single delivery |
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Definition
Final requirements are broken down into detailed requirements for each phase
Together, the phases create a deliverable that must meet all project requirements |
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Term
| Incremental phases with incremental deliveries |
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Definition
All requirements for each phase and for the project as a whole must be known and finalized
The result of each phase must meet a full set of requirements
The integrated results of all the phases must meet all final project requirements |
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Term
| Characteristics of a requirements management plan |
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Definition
It describes how changes to product or service requirements must be handled.
It outlines the metyhods that were used to rank requirements
It describes how requirements will be tracked throughout the project
It describes product metrics and the rationale for their selection. |
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Term
| Requirements traceability matrix 3 main benefits |
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Definition
Ensures each requirement adds value
Tracks requirements
Provides a structure for managing changes |
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Term
| Characteristics of a requirements traceability matrix |
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Definition
It relates requirements to the scope of a project and to actual product development
It enables you to track requirements throughout a project
It identifies each requirement using a unique identifier
It identifies the current status of each requirement |
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Term
| Six main components of the project scope statement |
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Definition
Product scope description
Project Deliverables
Project Exclusions
Project acceptance criteria
Project constraints
Project assumptions
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Term
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Definition
| Help identidy project risks |
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Term
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Definition
| Identify limitations that help clarify the rationale for scope exclusions |
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Term
| Project acceptance criteria |
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Definition
| Set agreed standards for judging the success of a project. |
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Term
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Definition
Project scope statement
Updates to project documents |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Defining responsibilites
Allowing better control
Facilitating project scheduling
Facilitating accurate cost estimates
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Term
| Decomposition technique Steps (4) |
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Definition
Identify main deliverables
decompose deliverables
Assign Identification
Verify the WBS |
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Term
| Questions to help in decomposition of deliverables. |
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Definition
Can cost and time be estimated?
Is the result verifiable or measurable?
Does duration exceed a reporting period?
Do their durations fall within the reporting periods for the project?
Do they include between 8 and 80 hours of work? |
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Term
| Questions to verify whether the WBS is complete, clear, and includes only necessary work. |
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Definition
- Did you include key stakeholders, experts, and the project team in the development of the work breakdown structure?
- Does the work breakdown structure fit with how your organization conducts its business?
- Are all deliverables identified clearly in the work breakdown structure?
- Is the name of each element understandable in terms of what it represents or is a WBS dictionary required?
- Have you included a project management element at the second level of the work breakdown structure?
- Is each work package small enough to make it easy to estimate costs and duration, but large enough to avoid unnecessary administrative work?
- Do element descriptions clearly outline the work that needs to be completed?
- Can you apply criteria to deliverables, components, and work packages to ensure that each element is completed correctly?
- Do the deliverables outlined at level two of the work breakdown structure make up the complete project scope?
- Do the child elements in the work breakdown structure represent all the work required for their parent elements to be completed correctly?
- Do you need to include any integrative elements to connect separate work elements within the project?
- Is all the work that will be contracted out listed under a single, discrete element?
- Is each element coded correctly?
- Does the coding integrate with accounting and management systems within the organization?
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Term
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Definition
Finalizd WBS
WBS Dictionary
Scope Baseline
Updates to project documents |
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Term
| The WBS is finalized when... |
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Definition
| Control accounts are created at strategic points to monitor performance |
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Term
| Components of the Scope Baseline |
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Definition
Project Scope Statement
WBS
WBS Dictionary |
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Term
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Definition
Position of work in WBS
Who's responsible
Requirements nuber
Scope of work
Person who prepared form |
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Term
| What are the main activities that take place during the verify scope process? |
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Definition
Stakeholders inspect each deliverable
Stakeholders formally accept deliverables
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Term
| Inspection of deliverable, Audit, or walkthrough includes: |
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Definition
Measuring against standards
Examining if requirements have been met
Verifying deliverables contain required elements
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Term
| Verify scope process - Inputs |
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Definition
Validated project deliverables
Approved scope baseline
Requirements documentation
Requirements traceability matrix |
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Term
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Definition
Purpose - Ensure product meets requirements
Performed by - Project manager and stakeholders
Reviewed against - Requirements documentation |
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Term
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Definition
Purpose - Ensure there are not defects int he product. find ways of improving the product.
Performed by - Quality Assurance team
Reviewed against - Predefined quality standards |
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Term
| Verify Scope process - outputs |
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Definition
Formal acceptance of deliverables
Project document updates
Change requests |
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Term
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Definition
Unmanaged change - scope creep
Managed change - approved change requests |
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Term
| Control scope process - inputs |
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Definition
Requirements documentation
Requirements traceability matrix
Work performance information
The project management plan |
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Term
| Organizational process assets |
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Definition
policies, procedures, and guidelines
Monitoring and reporting methods
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Term
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Definition
Identify the variance
Look for the cause
Assess the impact of the variance
Choose the appropriate response |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Budget, Schedule, Scope
A change in one causes a change in at least one of the other two. |
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Term
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Definition
Change requests
Work performance measurements
Project document updates
Updates to organizational process updates |
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