Term
|
Definition
| Writers who crusaded against corruption and dishonesty. Roosevelt came up with the name. Leading muckrakers included Tarbell, Steffens, and Riis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Writer who attacked Standard Oil in his book, Wealth Against Commonwealth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Author who described the miserable conditions in the tenements in How the Other Half Lives. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An author who wrote The Shame of the Cities a novel about the appalling conditions in American cities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Writer who exposed the questionable business practices of Standard Oil in, History of the Standard Oil Company. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multifamily apartment buildings that served as housing for poor factory workers. Often overcrowded and unsanitary. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In 1889 Hull House was founded by Jane Addams in Chicago. Hull House was the first private social welfare agency in the United States. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the Carnegie Steel Company announced pay reductions the workers went on strike. In what became one of the most violent strikes in history seven strikers died when Pinkerton detectives were hired to end the strike. The strikers protested and the governor of Pennsylvania sent in 8,000 troops to protect the strikebreakers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The worst economic downturn of the nineteenth century caused by over-speculation, labor disputes, and agricultural depression. Thousands of businesses collapsed. Led to the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1890). The depression was ended when banker J. P. Morgan and his associates agreed to lend the government $65 million in gold. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of unemployed workers led by Jacob Coxey marched from Ohio to Washington DC in 1893. Their goal was to draw attention to the plight of workers and ask for government relief. The leaders were arrested and the march broke up. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Led by Eugene V. Debs, workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company went on strike to protest a wage reduction and other company policies. The strike stopped rail traffic between Chicago and the West coast. President Cleveland sent soldiers in to restore order and protect the mail. Attorney General Richard Olney obtained an injunction the prohibited interference with interstate commerce. Union leaders were jailed and the strikers returned to work. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leader of the American Railroad Union who was jailed for his participation in the Pullman strike. He later become a leading socialist and even ran for the presidency. |
|
|
Term
| Industrial Workers of the World (1905) |
|
Definition
| Bill Haywood organized unskilled workers with the intent of creating one union. Peaked at 600,000 members and declined after 1913. |
|
|
Term
| Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1890) |
|
Definition
| Congress required federal government to increase its purchase of silver. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A former act under which the country’s currency was based on the value of gold. The act was signed by McKinley and put the US on the gold standard. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At the Democratic convention in Chicago in 1896, William Jennings Bryan from Nebraska made a speech supporting silver and not gold. The next day Bryan was nominated as the Democratic candidate for the election of 1896. |
|
|
Term
| Sinclair, Upton (The Jungle) |
|
Definition
| Sinclair’s book about the abuses of the meat packing industry in Chicago in 1906 caused uproar in the general public. President Roosevelt sent a commission to investigate and found conditions to be worse than in the book. Eventually led to new of health legislation for the food industry. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roosevelt’s platform for improving society by utilizing the 3 c’s – control of corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The term used to describe the sensationalist newspaper articles. The most famous advocate of yellow journalism was William Randolph Hearst who built a newspaper empire based on the type of journalism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Newspaper owner who made the World a leading national newspaper. Pulitzer had no problem using “yellow journalism” to attract readers. His biggest competitor was Hearst. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Media mogul and creator of “yellow journalism.” Hearst used his newspaper to inflame public opinion against Spanish activities in Cuba. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Radical campaigner for women to get the vote. She had worked with suffragettes in Britain and learned military tactics to get publicity and attention. In 1916 she founded the National Woman’s Party (NWP). She worked to form alliances to help get the Nineteenth Amendment passed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| U.S. ship, which exploded in Havana in 1898 resulting in the death of 260 sailors. Although there was no real proof the United States blamed Spain and used the event as an excuse to start the Spanish-American War. |
|
|
Term
| Spanish-American War (1898) |
|
Definition
| War against Spain that resulted in the United States getting possession of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. |
|
|
Term
| Commodore Dewey (1837-1917) |
|
Definition
| During the Spanish-American War, Commodore Dewey led the Asiatic squadron into Manila Bay, in the Philippine Islands, and attacked the Spanish Pacific fleet. Dewey surprised the Spanish at anchor in the bay and sank or crippled their entire fleet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In 1898, Theodore Roosevelt led the Rough Riders in the Spanish- American War in Cuba. The volunteer cavalry became famous after they charged up San Juan Hill during the battle of Santiago, ensuring Roosevelt’s popularity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Signed in Paris on December 10, 1898, the treaty ended the Spanish-American War. Spain withdrew from Cuba and the island became independent. The United States received Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, and paid $420 million to Spain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A statement from Congress that disclaimed any intent of the United States government to assert control over Cuba. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Platt Amendment succeeded the Teller Amendment and allowed the United States to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence. Cuba couldn’t make any treaties that would interfere with her independence nor could they assume any debt that it could not pay. Guantanamo Bay was to be leased to the Americans. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sugar planters hurt by the McKinley Tariff in 1890 started to make noises about the possibility of the islands becoming part of the United States. Attempts to annex the islands were blocked by Queen Liliuokalani until the planters organized a revolt in 1893. In 1898, Congress made Hawaii a U.S. territory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Queen of Hawaii who wanted to return the islands back to the islanders. American planters deposed her in 1893. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roosevelt’s foreign policy as it pertained to Latin America. It was based on the statement, "walk softly and carry a big stick." |
|
|
Term
| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) |
|
Definition
| Founded in 1909 the NAACP has campaigned to end segregation, discrimination, and racism. |
|
|
Term
| Mahan, Captain Alfred Thayer |
|
Definition
| Wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890.) He advocated that national and international strength came from possessing a large navy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Between 1907-1909, Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to demonstrate the strength of the U.S. naval power. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Argentina, Brazil, and Cuba. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The belief that American foreign policy should be based on protecting American business interests. It was devised by Taft and applied specifically to Latin America. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The popular name given to the Progressive party in 1912 because of its association with Theodore Roosevelt. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Policy announced by Hoover and expounded upon by Roosevelt declaring that the United States would be a “good neighbor” and would respect the rights of other nations. In 1933 a treaty was signed by western hemisphere nations stating that no nation would interfere in the internal or external affairs of another nation. |
|
|
Term
| Villa, Francisco “Pancho” |
|
Definition
| Mexican bandit and revolutionary leader who led an attack on New Mexico in 1916. The United Sates government sent American soldiers commanded by General John Pershing to find Villa and return him to justice. Pershing was unsuccessful. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| British passenger liner torpedoed by a German submarine in 1915. The death toll included 128 Americans, leading to a diplomatic crisis between America and Germany, but it did not force the United States to enter World War I. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| German promise to stop sinking merchant ships without warning if the Americans persuaded the Allies to obey international law. Wilson accepted the pledge, but did little to pressure the Allies. |
|
|
Term
| Zimmerman Telegram (1917) |
|
Definition
| German Arthur Zimmerman sent a telegram to the German minister in Mexico City telling him to promise the Mexican President German help if Mexico went to war with the U.S. the telegram was intercepted and decoded by the British, shocked the American public. |
|
|
Term
| American Expeditionary Force |
|
Definition
| The first American troops sent to fight in Europe in June 1917. General Pershing commanded them. |
|
|
