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| A philosophy that believed God existed in humans and in nature and that intuition is the highest source of knowledge. |
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| A series of spiritual revivals, which encouraged many social programs like prison reform and the temperance movement. The religious groups that benefited the most were the Methodists and the Baptists. |
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| Philosopher and writer who became a central figure amongst the transcendentalists. |
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| A transcendentalist and friend of Emerson who is best known for Walden. However, he also wrote "On Civil Disobedience" which advocated passive resistance. |
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| Author who wrote Last of the Mohicans about the French and Indian War and about the noble savage living on the wild frontier. |
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| One of the greatest American authors who wrote Moby Dick (1851). |
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| De Tocqueville came from France to America and observed democracy in government and society. His book, Democracy in America discusses the advantages of democracy and consequences of the majority's unlimited power. |
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| The founder of Mormonism in New York in 1830 who received golden plates from an angel. The plates became the Book of Mormon. In 1844, Smith was murdered by a mob in Illinois. |
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| After Joseph Smith had been killed; Brigham Young led the Mormons to the Great Salt Lake Valley in Utah in 1846-7. |
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| A reformer who was a pioneer in the treatment of the mentally ill. |
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| Quaker minister who created the Philadelphia female Anti-Slavery Society (1833). She later helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention. |
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| A pioneer in the women's suffrage movement, she helped organize the first women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York (1848). |
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| The first convention to discuss the role of women. Organized by Stanton and Mott, the convention issued a Declaration of Sentiments, which said, “All men and women are created equal.” |
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| Founder and editor of the New York Tribune. |
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| Missouri senator who opposed slavery. |
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| Attempts by people to abolish slavery. Although the Civil War was not fought about slavery the issue of slavery dominated American politics throughout the 1800s. |
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| The idea that different parts of the country can and will develop different philosophies. |
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| Published by abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison in Boston from 1831 to 1865 The Liberator was an antislavery newspaper. |
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| In 1637 the Pequot Indians attacked Puritan settlers in the Connecticut River valley. The Massachusetts General Court ordered out the militia. Quickly the militia destroyed the Pequot villages, killing men, women, and children. |
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| (1638) – Signed at the end of the Pequot War and officially dissolved the Pequot nation. |
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