Term
|
Definition
| A name for the late 1800s, coined by Mark Twain to describe the tremendous increase in wealth caused by the industrial age and the ostentatious lifestyles it allowed the very rich |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The democrats accepted the fact Hayes had won the election in return for the immediate removal of federal troops from Louisiana and South Carolina – the only two states in which they remained. This marked the end of Reconstruction |
|
|
Term
| Great Railroad Strike (1877) |
|
Definition
| A series of strikes that showed the country just how unhappy workers were with the railroad companies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Corrupt Republican Party bosses and their followers in the post-Civil War years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Politicians from either party who favored tariff and social reform |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Republicans who sided with the Democrats and Grover Cleveland in the 1884 election because the Republican Party did not advocate civil service reform |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A term used to describe the industrialists and financiers of the late nineteenth century who had little or no compassion for the public and were only interested in profit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rockefeller was able to obtain a virtual monopoly in oil refining through the Standard Oil Company. He developed a strategy of horizontal integration to take over or remove competitors. Later in life he became a philanthropist and donated millions to research and education |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Founded by John D. Rockefeller and incorporated in 1870. Antitrust legislation led to the break up of the company in 1911 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Combining companies that perform the same task to eliminate repetition or waste, it also eliminated competition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Creating one company that brings together various parts of the manufacturing process such as the marketing, selling, and distribution of a finished product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Perhaps the most famous American inventor of electrical devices. Edison invented the light bulb, the phonograph, and the microphone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Engineer born in Scotland and emigrated to the United States. Invented the telephone in 1876 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A railroad magnate who gained control of the New York Central Railroad and was able to connect New York to Chicago. He was responsible for the founding of Vanderbilt University |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Financier who created the world’s most powerful banking organization in the late nineteenth century. He became interested in railroads and eventually owned thousands of miles of track. He was responsible for alleviating the Panic of 1907 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Scottish born industrialist who made a fortune from the production and sale of steel. At the end of his life he became a philanthropist and gave away millions to for libraries, schools, and research |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carnegie’s idea that those with great wealth have an obligation to society to help those less fortunate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Argument that came from the ideas of Charles Darwin (although not Darwin’s idea.) The idea was that survival was a competition and only the strongest of the fittest would survive at the expense of the weak. Those that survived would ultimately benefit society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As part of the Pacific Railroad Bill (1862) Lincoln authorized the Central Pacific Railroad to lay track eastward from Sacramento. Chinese laborers did most of the work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As part of the Pacific Railroad Bill (1862) Lincoln authorized the Union Pacific Railroad to lay track westward from Omaha. Irish laborers did most of the work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Founded in Texas in the late 1870s, by 1890 the Alliance movement had over 1 million members. Initially started for social reasons, the Farmer’s Alliance became a political organization with the goal of uniting farmers so they could gain some measure of protection. They also wanted the nationalization of the railroads, debt relief, and a lowering of tariffs. Eventually the Farmer’s Alliance gave way to the Populist Party |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (also known as the Populist Party) - Founded in 1891 in Cincinnati, Ohio. They called for free coinage of silver and paper money; national income tax; direct election of senators; regulation of railroads; and other government reforms to help farmers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An American labor union founded in 1869 in Philadelphia by Uriah Stephens. Opened membership to anyone who was paid a wage, including blacks and women. The organization reached its peak in 1886 |
|
|
Term
| American Federation of Labor (AFL) |
|
Definition
| Started in 1881 by Samuel Gompers and consisted of several skilled craft unions. They wanted higher wages, an 8-hour day and legislation to protect their benefits. Advocated collective bargaining over strikes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Union leader who became president of the American federation of labor in 1886. Gompers believed a union needed to be skilled workers who had the bargaining power to negotiate with the employers. The union forged strong ties with the Democratic party that still exist |
|
|
Term
| Haymarket Square Riot (1886) |
|
Definition
| When a crowd of union men held a rally in Haymarket Square to protest police brutality. An anarchist exploded a bomb killing or injuring many of the police. Several anarchists were arrested and charged with murder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first session where Congress spent over $1 billion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| New York City Democratic party political machine that dominated the city |
|
|
Term
| Tweed, William Marcy “Boss” |
|
Definition
| leader of a corrupt group of New York City politicians. They swindled the city out of millions of dollars. Eventually he was charged with forgery and larceny |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Between 1865-1910, 25 million new immigrants arrived. The New Immigrants came mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe, fleeing persecution and poverty |
|
|
Term
| Chinese Exclusion Law (1882) |
|
Definition
| Law passed to prevent Chinese laborers from entering the country. |
|
|
Term
| Turner, Frederick Jackson |
|
Definition
| American historian who wrote, “The Significance of the Frontier in American History.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Massachusetts’s writer of children’s literature who wrote A Century of Dishonor, about the way the government had shamelessly treated the Indians |
|
|
Term
| Women’s Christian Temperance Union (1874) |
|
Definition
| The first women’s organization to battle alcohol. |
|
|
Term
| Anti-Saloon League (1893) |
|
Definition
| Made the demand for prohibition a political issue when they endorsed an amendment to the Constitution in 1913 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leader of the Apaches who resisted the authorities in Arizona and New Mexico. He raided towns until 1886, when he surrendered. He was sent to Florida before being relocated to Oklahoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chief of the Nez Percé who tried to lead his people to Canada in 1877. They failed and were forced into exile in the Indian Territory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Former Civil War hero had been demoted and shipped to the West. Custer’s seventh Cavalry set out to suppress the Sioux, led by Sitting Bull. The Indians caught Custer and he and all his men were killed |
|
|
