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| States located between the Union and the Confederacy. The states of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri, which were slave states, but did not secede. |
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Term
| Crittenden Compromise (1860) |
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Definition
| A last-ditch attempt to avert by that was proposed by Senator James Crittenden of Kentucky. Slavery would be prohibited north of a line 36 30 and would be federally protected in all states (and future states) south of the line. Future states north or south could enter the Union as either free or slave states. Lincoln rejected the idea and thus doomed the country to war. |
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Term
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| Location in South Carolina of the first fighting of the Civil war. When South Carolina seceded the Union demanded all Federal property be surrendered to the authorities. Lincoln told the South Carolinians that he intended to re-supply Fort Sumter since it was Federal property. The Carolinians saw the Union action as an act of aggression and opened fire on the fort. After thirty-four hours, in which no one was killed, the Fort surrendered. |
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| nickname given to any northerner during the Civil War who was suspected of subversive activity for the Confederacy. |
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| A congressman from Ohio and openly sympathetic towards the South, Vallandigham was very vocal in his attempts to end the war. The Copperhead was put on trial and found guilty of treasonable utterances. His punishment was to be banished to the Confederacy. |
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Term
| Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan |
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Definition
| Confederate states would be readmitted to the Union if 10% of their citizens took a loyalty oath and ratified the 13th Amendment, which outlawed slavery. Top Confederate officials would not be pardoned. The plan was never initiated because Lincoln was assassinated. |
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| Five days after Lee’s surrender President Lincoln was assassinated by a deranged actor called John Wilkes Booth. |
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| Politicians who believed the Confederate States should be harshly punished for causing the war. As southern resistance mounted these politicians became more vocal and more determined. Led by Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, and Ben Wade. |
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Term
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| Restrictions on the blacks passed in 1865 and 1866. Led by Mississippi the codes limited the rights of the blacks including interracial marriages and the right to bear arms even for self-defense. Led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act (1866) to protect the rights of the blacks. |
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| Congressman from Pennsylvania who believed the Confederate States should be treated as conquered territory and demanded harsh punishment for rebel leaders. |
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| Established by Congress to help with the immediate needs of the freed African-Americans. Confiscated land could be rented or purchased by freedmen. The Bureau also established schools and hospitals as well as legal advice for freedmen. |
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Term
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| A white supremacist group that was founded in Tennessee after the war to terrorize blacks and white Republicans in the South. |
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| Stanton was secretary of war for Lincoln and remained in office until President Johnson asked him to resign in 1867. The dismissal of Stanton led to the impeachment of Johnson because Stanton’s dismissal was a violation of the Tenure of Office Law. |
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Term
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| Name given to whites that worked with the Radical Republicans. |
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Term
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Definition
| Derogatory name applied to northern whites that went to the South to help with Reconstruction. These people were often very idealistic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Purchased from Russia in 1866 by Secretary of State Seward for $7.2 million. Initially considered worthless, the venture became known as “Seward’s folly.” Russia preferred selling it to the United States than selling it to Great Britain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Seward was named secretary of state by Lincoln and eventually became one of Lincoln’s closest advisors. After the war, he persuaded the French to leave Mexico and purchased Alaska from Russia. He remained in office under Andrew Johnson and supported the president's lenient Reconstruction program. |
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Term
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Definition
| No longer tied to the plantation the freedmen looked for land and work. They were forced to enter into a system called sharecropping. The landowner (the former plantation owner) extended credit to the sharecroppers allowing them to purchase food and supplies in the store. To protect himself the landowner took out a lien against the tenant’s crop. The system was open to abuse as sharecroppers found themselves tied to the land and working for the same people as before the war. |
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| In January 1870, Revels was elected a senator for Mississippi. He took his place in February 1870 and held the seat until March 1871, becoming the first African-American U.S. senator. |
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| Despite opposition from whites in Mississippi, Bruce was able to work with all factions and win a seat in the Senate in 1874. He was the second African-American to be elected to Congress and the first to serve a full term. |
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Term
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Definition
| Several of President Grant’s appointments were involved of working with the whiskey distillers to avoid paying exercise tax. They defrauded the country out of millions of dollars. |
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Term
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Definition
| The company that was created in 1867 to build the Union Pacific Railroad shares were sold a very low cost to congressmen who then approved of federal subsidies. This became a major scandal of the Grant administration. |
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Term
| “Waving the bloody shirt" |
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Definition
| The practice of reviving memories of the Civil War. The term came from the shirt Benjamin Butler showed on the floor of the House during the impeachment of President Johnson. The shirt belonged to a republican who had been killed by the Klan. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unrestrained speculation on the railroads led to economic disaster. Railroad workers went on strike and the army was used to break up the strike. |
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| Paper money issued by the federal government during the Civil War that was not backed by gold. |
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Term
| National Woman Suffrage Association |
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Definition
| Organization led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. The organization only allowed women members and sought a Constitutional amendment to guarantee the vote for women. Also worked on other issues. |
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Term
| American Woman Suffrage Association |
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Definition
| Organized by Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe. The organization accepted men as members, but focused only on suffrage. In 1890 it merged with the National Woman Suffrage Association. |
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