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| English courtier, navigator, colonizer, and writer. A favorite of Elizabeth I, he introduced tobacco and the potato to Europe. Convicted of treason by James I, he was released for another expedition to Guiana and executed after its failure. |
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| The leader of a group of settlers sent by Sir Walter Raleigh to Roanoke Island. After several years in Virginia, White was forced to return to England for supplies. When he returned in 1590 the colony had disappeared. |
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| The first white child born in America. |
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| American Indian chief of the Powhatan tribe in Virginia |
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| The daughter of Powhatan who married John Rolfe in 1614, thus creating an alliance between the Indians and the English |
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| The covenant was the first attempt at self-government in America. It was signed on the Mayflower for the government of Plymouth colony and was designed to afford just and equal laws. |
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| Bradford sailed to America on board the Mayflower in 1620. In 1621 he was selected to be governor of Plymouth Colony, and was re-elected 30 times. He developed and maintained good relations with the Indians, and his leadership helped the colony out of debt. |
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| Extreme English Protestants who were unhappy with the Anglican Church and wanted to purify the Church of Catholic elements. Their religious philosophy was based on Calvinism. In the 1620s many moved to America. |
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| The colony was founded by non-Separatists who had secured a royal charter to form the Massachusetts Bay Company. John Winthrop was the first governor and he wanted to create “a city upon a hill” for all humanity. The colony thrived because of hard work and abundant resources |
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| An Indian that was taken from America and who lived in England for several years. He returned to America in 1619 and acted as an interpreter for the Plymouth colonists. He helped the colonists develop agriculture and fishing. |
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| Trading company created in 1621 to supervise the movement of goods and people in the western hemisphere for the Dutch government. |
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| Founded the colony of Maryland as a refuge for Catholics. |
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| Maryland Act of Toleration (1649) |
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(Act of Religious Toleration)
Ordered by Lord Baltimore, a Roman Catholic, to guarantee religious freedom to all Christians. |
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| Ashley-Cooper, Sir Anthony |
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| One of the eight Lords proprietors that was granted a charter for Carolina. |
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| Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina |
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| John Locke was hired by Sir Anthony Ashley-Cooper to create a plan of settlement for the Carolina colony. In theory the plan was wonderful but it was not practicable in the Americas. The Carolinas had little organized government until the 1720s. |
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| Colonial leader and first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1629 he joined other Puritan leader in the Cambridge Agreement. In 1643 he headed the United Colonies of New England against the Indians. |
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| After she sailed to Boston she became a well-liked and influential religious leader. The conservatives attacked her teachings. She was banished from the colony and moved with her family to Rhode Island where Indians later killed her. |
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| A religious leader and founder of Rhode Island. He criticized the Puritan leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and was banished. In 1636, Williams and his followers founded the colony of Rhode Island and adopted policies of separation of church and state as well as religious toleration. |
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| After being investigated by the Court of High Commission in England he fled to Holland in 1630. Three years later he sailed to Massachusetts Bay, but he soon disagreed with the leaders of the colony. In 1636 he led a small group to Connecticut and created a new political philosophy embodied in the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. He helped form the New England Confederation, the first union in the colonies. |
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| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut |
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| Set up a unified government for the towns of the Connecticut. First constitution written in America. |
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| A company made up of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company’s profits and debts. |
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| The Virginia Company introduced the Headright system to encourage settlers in Virginia. Each settler received 50 acres of land and an additional 50 acres for each family member and servant. |
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| In 1607 he helped with the founding of Jamestown. He was appointed a member of the governing council and worked with the Indians to help the colonists survive. In 1608 he was elected president of the colony and through his hard work and discipline he was able to help them survive. |
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| English settler at Jamestown who married Pocahontas. He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony |
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| House of Burgesses (1619) |
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| The Virginia Company granted settlers the right to form a representative assembly. This became the first legislative body in colonial America. |
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| English lord who became the founder and governor of the colony of Georgia. As a member of the House of Commons he dreamed of developing a refuge for unemployed and freed debtors in America. He secured a charter for Georgia in 1732 and accompanied the first set of colonists. |
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| William Penn received a land grant from King Charles II, and used it to form a colony that would provide a haven for Quakers. His “holy experiment” was Pennsylvania, a colony that allowed religious freedom. |
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| Quakers (The Society of Friends) |
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| A Christian sect that emphasized the need for the individual to find the ‘inner light’. A colony of Quakers was founded in Pennsylvania, American by William Penn. The Quakers were pacifists. |
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| The term used by William Penn to describe his colony of Quakers in Pennsylvania. |
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| Dutch settlement that was renamed New York in 1664 when the British captured it. |
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| The governor of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam who had a wooden leg. When he arrived in New Amsterdam (New York) in 1647 the colony was in a state of disarray. Stuyvesant imposed social and religious uniformity. He was not an impressive leader and was often hated by the colonists. He surrendered the colony to the English in1664. |
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| In 1637 the Pequot Indians attacked Puritan settlers in the Connecticut River valley. The Massachusetts General Court ordered out the militia. Quickly the militia destroyed the Pequot villages, killing men, women, and children. |
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| Treaty of Hartford (1638) |
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| Signed at the end of the Pequot War and officially dissolved the Pequot nation. |
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