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| Natives of North America. They inhabited the wooded areas of the northeast and lived in permanent villages. They were organized into a confederation of 5 tribes and expanded their control until the mid-17th century. During the wars between the French and English, the Iroquois were allies of the English. |
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| Spanish 'conqueror' or soldier in the New World. These adventures established a vast Spanish empire in the New World but had little interest in creating an organized administration. |
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| Members of The Society of Jesus, a Catholic religious order founded by St. Ignatius Loyola. They became very active in missionary work and spread Catholic teachings throughout much of America. |
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| Members of the Order of St. Francis. They became very popular because they advocated a life of strict poverty for their friars as well as emphasizing work with the poor. |
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| Forts built by the Spanish to protect their interests in the New World. |
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| Indians were required to work a certain number of days for a landowner, but had their own land to work as well. |
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| The French colony centered on the mouth of the Mississippi River, but following the river inland. The area was explored and claimed by La Salle in 1682 and named after King Louis XIV of France. The capital city was New Orleans, which was founded in 1718. |
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| Italian-born navigator explored the coast of New England, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland. Gave England a claim in North America. |
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| Hired by the Dutch, Hudson sailed up along the northern coast of New England and into the bay that now bears his name – Hudson Bay. Hudson’s exploits allowed the Dutch to lay claim to New Netherlands, which was permanently settled in 1623-4. |
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| English sea captain, robbed Spanish treasure ships, 'singed the king beard' involved in the fighting the Spanish armada (1588). |
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| In 1606 the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company received a charter from King James I to settle the New World. The main attraction was not permanent settlement but either gold or a passage to Asia. |
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| A water route from the Atlantic to the Pacific through northern Canada and along the northern coast of Alaska. Sought by navigators since the 16th century. |
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| Italian explorer of the Atlantic coast of North America. |
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| French navigator and explorer who discovered the St. Lawrence River while looking for Northwest Passage to Asia. |
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| French statesman and explorer of Canada. After exploring the New England coast he founded Quebec in 1608 and used the settlement as a base for further exploration. |
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| French explorer who with Father Marquette was one of the first men to sail down the Mississippi River in 1673. |
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| Jesuit priest who accompanied Jolliet down the Mississippi River. |
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| La Salle, Robert Cavalier, sieur de |
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| French explorer who descended the Mississippi River from his base in Canada. He explored the whole region and named it after King Louis XIV of France. |
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| A chartered company established in 1602 to coordinate trade between the East Indies and the Dutch state. The company had a monopoly on the spice trade. |
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| A fur trading post in the New Netherlands on the Hudson River. Later became the site of Albany, New York. |
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