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| United Nations Conference (1945) |
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| representatives from 50 nations created the United Nations Charter, which had a Security Council of five nations – China, France, Britain, America, and the Soviet Union. |
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| American policy of containing the spread of Soviet expansionism. Led to the creation of NATO (1949). |
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| American Secretary of State during the Cold War. Keenan wrote an anonymous article in Foreign Affairs in which he advocated the policy of slowly containing Communism. The philosophy of containment became the cornerstone of American foreign policy, especially in Asia. |
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| The basis of American post-war foreign policy, aimed at containing communism. President Truman stated it at a time when Greece and Turkey were in danger of communist takeover. Truman pledged US support for any people resisting “outside pressure.” Congress supported the policy with financial and military aid. |
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| – Proposed by Secretary of State George G. Marshall. Advocated the massive amounts of American economic aid to Europe to revitalize the European economies after WWII and help prevent the spread of Communism. |
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| - North Atlantic Treaty Organization- formed in 1949 by U.S. anti-Soviet Military alliance of Western Governments. |
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| - Counter to NATO created by Stalin to tighten his hold on satellites. Albania withdrew in 1968 when Czechoslovakia was invaded. |
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| – President Truman’s domestic agenda in which he hoped to add to and improve the New Deal programs already in existence. Initially he was slowed because the republicans controlled Congress, but his second term he was more successful. |
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| - International relations involving the deliberate creation of a risk of war to apply pressure on the other party. |
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| – Secretary of state for Eisenhower who supported the use of nuclear war to deter the soviets. |
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| – Term coined by Dulles in 1954 to imply the United States would use nuclear weapons against the Soviets. |
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| Eisenhower doctrine (1957) |
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| – Foreign policy of President Eisenhower that promised military and economic aid to anti-Communist governments, specifically in the Middle East. Led to American troops being sent to Lebanon. |
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| – Leader of the Nationalist forces after the death of Sun Yat-sen. He experienced a hot/cold relationship with the Communists and became President Nationalist Republic of China in 1928. |
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| – “The Great Helmsman.” China’s greatest revolutionary leader and founder of the Chinese Communist Party. Won favor with the peasants in his clash with the nationalist forces and recruited them for his Red Army |
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| – Communist leader and president of North Vietnam (1954-69). He led the Vietnamese in their successful war for independence from the French. |
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| – The battle between the French and the North Vietnamese that ended French involvement in Indochina. The French held a fortified position for months and received supplies by parachute. Eventually the French were forced to surrender. After the shocking defeat the French withdrew from Vietnam. |
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| – The belief that if one nation fell to communism then other neighboring nations would fall too. |
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| – Truce signed to end the conflict between the French and the Vietnamese. The country was divided at the 17th parallel – the Communists controlled the North while the anti-Communists controlled the South. |
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| – President of South Vietnam who was supported by the United States. He violently suppressed opposition and was eventually assassinated in 1963. |
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| - Name given to the Communist guerilla fighters. |
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| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) |
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| – Was the legislation used to give President Johnson the congressional approval to escalate the Vietnam War. Two U. S. ships were supposedly attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin. Later reports proved these stories to be false, but Johnson accused the North Vietnamese of aggression and obtained his resolution to prevent all further attacks against United States forces. |
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| – On the Vietnamese New Year celebration (Tet) the Viet Cong attacked South Vietnamese cities, but quickly lost control of their gains. |
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| – The scaling back of American involvement in Vietnam, eventually leading to turning over the war to the Vietnamese. |
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| – Reports commissioned by secretary of defense McNamara in 1967, which were written about American involvement in Indochina since the end of World War II. They were given to the New York Times without proper permission and indicated the government had lied to the people and made many mistakes. |
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| – Reports commissioned by secretary of defense McNamara in 1967, which were written about American involvement in Indochina since the end of World War II. They were given to the New York Times without proper permission and indicated the government had lied to the people and made many mistakes. |
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| – American diplomat who worked for Nixon as national security advisor. He was instrumental in negotiating the cease-fire in Vietnam. |
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| - Peace treaty between United States and North Vietnam that led to the withdrawal of American troops from Vietnam. In 1975, South Vietnam was invaded by North Vietnam, which was a violation of the treaty. |
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| -American Activities Committee (HUAC) - Created in 1938 as a committee to investigate Communist activities. Became instrumental in the advancement of Richard Nixon. |
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| – State department employee accused in 1948 of being a Communist spy. He was eventually found guilty of perjury and sent to prison. |
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| Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel |
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| – Married couple accused of conspiracy in 1951 after they allegedly gave secret about the atomic bomb to the Russians |
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| – Senator from Wisconsin who initiated the Communist “witch hunts” of the 1950s. |
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| McCarran Internal Security Act (1950) |
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| - Passed over President Truman’s veto, the act allowed the president to arrest and detain people who might be a danger to the state. |
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| McCarran Internal Security Act (1950) |
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| - Passed over President Truman’s veto, the act allowed the president to arrest and detain people who might be a danger to the state. |
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| – Scientific research project begun in 1941 to develop an atomic bomb. |
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| – American physicist who was director of the program to create the first atomic bomb. Became controversial when he opposed the creation of the H-bomb and consequently he was accused of being sympathetic towards the Communists. |
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| The Communist leader of Cuba who took power from Fulgencio Batista in a coup in 1959. Once a Cold War friend of the Soviet Union, now Castro, recently Castro has been forced to adopt limited capitalism. |
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| – A small group of anti-Castro exiles had been trained by the CIA to land in Cuba, overthrow Castro and, with the help of the CIA restore democracy to the island. The Communists learned of the attack and surprised the exiles. The United States could do nothing to help. |
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| Cuban Missile Crisis (1963) |
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| – a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. After the Bay of Pigs the Cubans accepted aid from the Soviets. Soon after they started to build missile sites from which missiles could easily land in the United States. President Kennedy forced the Soviets to back down and dismantle the missile silos. |
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| – Specifically a lessening of tension between 2 states. The phrase became popular in describing the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War thaw of the early 1970s. |
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