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| Roughly the period from 1714-39 when the British government had little involvement in colonial affairs. Created a sense of independence amongst the colonists. |
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| So-called because the election of 1800 witnessed the first transition from one political party, Federalists to another, Democratic-Republicans and it did so without problems. |
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| U.S. general in the Continental Army who became governor of Louisiana. He plotted with Aaron Burr to take over Louisiana, but fearing discovery he informed on Burr to President Jefferson and was a leading witness against Burr. |
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| Pirates that inhabited the North African coast from Morocco to Tripoli. Prior to the Jefferson administration the U.S. government had paid protection money to the pirates to guarantee the security of American merchant ships. Jefferson refused to pay the tribute leading to the Tripolitan War (1801-05). |
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| On his last day in office President Adams appointed Federalist judges to Federalists courts in an attempt to maintain control of the judicial branch. The name comes from the erroneous belief that the President stayed up until midnight completing the paperwork. |
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| Louisiana Purchase (1803) |
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| The U.S. purchased the Louisiana territory from Napoleon for $15 million. Jefferson realized that the nation needed the port of New Orleans to open the west. Napoleon needed money for his European campaigns and because a rebellion against the French in Haiti had soured him on the idea of New World colonies. The purchase did cause some problems for Jefferson since it was not discussed in the Constitution. |
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| Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806) |
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| President Jefferson commissioned Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the Louisiana Purchase region. From St. Louis they traveled across the Great Plains to the Pacific before returning with extensive maps, drawings, and samples. |
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| The kidnapping of American sailors who were forced to serve on British ships. Many American sailors died during this process and this became one of the causes of the War 1812. |
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| Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807) |
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| The British ship Leopard ordered the American ship the Chesapeake to allow the British to board and look for deserters. The Chesapeake, sailing in international waters off the coast of Virginia, refused. The Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. |
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| Non-Intercourse Act (1809) |
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| After repealing the Embargo Act, Parliament implemented the Non-Intercourse Act, which reopened trade with all nations except Britain and France. |
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| Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810) |
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| – Prohibited trade with Britain or France, but offered to resume trade with whichever nation repealed its restrictions against the United States. Madison hoped the threat of the United States trading with either party would force the other to make concessions. The British refused to change their policies, so the gamble failed. |
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| A Shawnee chief, who with his brother, the Prophet, tried to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes. The Indians were defeated by an American army led by William Henry Harrison, governor of Indian territory, at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. Tecumseh was killed fighting for the British during the War of 1812 at the Battle of the Thames in 1813. |
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| – People, mainly from the South and West who demanded war with Britain. The main reasons being: they believed the British were helping the Indians on the frontier; they wanted to acquire Canada. They included Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun. |
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| Battle of New Orleans (1815) |
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| A seasoned British force made the mistake of launching a frontal attack on the smaller American force led by Andrew Jackson. The battle solidified the reputation of Jackson but had no effect on the war since the peace treaty had been signed two weeks earlier in Belgium. |
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| A group of New England merchants led by Timothy Pickering, who organized after the Louisiana Purchase fearing a loss of trade and power. They also opposed the War of 1812 and even threatened to secede. |
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| Hartford Convention (1814) |
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| A convention of New England representative who wanted an end to the War of 1812. They proposed several constitutional amendments, but lost influence when the war ended. The Convention led to the demise of the Federalists. |
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| Ended the War of 1812, but not really a peace agreement. Both sides agreed to stop fighting and there was no mention of why the war was fought. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border. |
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| First tariff designed to be protect and not raise revenue. Raised the prices of British manufactured goods, which were often cheaper and of higher quality than those produced in the U.S. to allow domestic industries established during the War of 1812 to survive. |
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| Dealt with 3 issues: a) set the northern border of the Louisiana territory at along the forty-ninth parallel, b) Oregon would be administered jointly by the United States and Britain, c) Americans gained the right to fish off Newfoundland and Labrador. |
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| Region along the Gulf Coast, which included much of the northwest of present-day Florida, southern Mississippi, and southern Alabama. The Treaty of Paris (1763) ceded this region was given to Spain by the British. Spain renounced all claims to West Florida under the Adams-Onis Treaty. |
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| Chiefly caused by over speculating on land in the west, which had put a great strain on banks. |
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| Chiefly caused by over speculating on land in the west, which had put a great strain on banks. |
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| An agreement between Spain and the United States that settled the borders of the Louisiana Purchase. Spain gave up East and West Florida to the U.S. and the U.S./Mexico border was set at the 42nd parallel so that Texas and the American Southwest would be part of Mexico. |
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| Declared that Europe should not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere and gave the United States hegemony over all of the Americas. Any attempt at interference by a European power would be seen as a threat to the U.S. Monroe promised to respect existing European colonies, but declared that a New World colony, which has gained independence, may not be re-colonized by Europe. The doctrine had no basis in international law and only England supported the Monroe Doctrine. |
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| The name for President Monroe’s two terms on office between 1817-25. The time period was noted for strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Because the Federalists had lost credibility with the War of 1812 there was no political opposition or partisan conflicts. |
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| Tallmadge Amendment (1819) |
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| If Missouri wanting to join the Union there needed to be some decision over slave or free states. The Tallmadge Amendment proposed that no more slaves be taken to Missouri and for gradual emancipation for the children who were born into slave families. |
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| Missouri Compromise (1820) |
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| Missouri would be admitted as a slave state and Maine would be a free state, thus maintaining the balance in Congress. Future states north of Missouri’s southern border would be admitted as free states. The Compromise pleased neither the north nor the south. |
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