Term
Genus?
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Definition
Carex, Cyperaceae
Poales, Commelinids, Monocots
Fls: Monoecious, spikelets gen. unisexual; no perianth; pist. flowers enclosed by perigynia
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Term
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Definition
Eleocharis,Cyperaceae
Poales, Commelinids, Monocots
One terminal spikelet. |
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Eleocharis,Cyperaceae
Poales, Commelinids, Monocots
One terminal spikelet. |
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Term
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Definition
Poales, Commelinids, Monocots
Annual herbs to trees, sometimes from rhizomes
Stems (culms) usually round, hollow except at the nodes.
Leaves alternate, 2-ranked; simple with sheathing bases and sheaths usu. open, parallel venation
Inflorescences: 2-ranked spikelets, aggregated into compound inflorescences
stalk = pedicel
axis = rachilla
2 (1) subtending bracts = glumes
Each floret subtended by lemma and palea
Extremely reduced perianth parts = lodicules
Fruit: caryopsis (grain)
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Term
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Definition
Avena, Poaceae
Poales, Commelinids, Monocots
Oats.
Spikelets hang down, are Pendant |
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Term
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Definition
Order within Gymnosperms
Contains Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, and Taxaceae
Trees, usually evergreen, with needle- and/or scale-like leaves, bases decurrent
Microsporophylls aggregated into pollen cones.
Ovules borne on ovuliferous scales, with subtending sterile bracts, organized into ovulate (seed) cones, where seeds are eventually borne.
Usually Monoecious. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structure that bears microsporangia |
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Term
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Definition
| Structure that produces spores that give rise to male gametophytes. |
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Term
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Definition
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Lvs Needle-like
Seed cones Woody.
Seeds usually winged & paired on upper surface of cone scales
Seed cone bract fused to the scale in Pinus, free in the other genera.
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Term
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Definition
Pinus, Pinaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Needle-like leaves in fascicles on short shoots; also with bract-like leaves subtending and sheathing bundles. Seed cone bract fused to scale; inconspicuous, unlike other Pinaceae genera.
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Term
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Definition
Pinus, Pinaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Needle-like leaves in fascicles on short shoots; also with bract-like leaves subtending and sheathing bundles. Seed cone bract fused to scale; inconspicuous, unlike other Pinaceae genera.
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Term
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Definition
Pinus, Pinaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Needle-like leaves in fascicles on short shoots; also with bract-like leaves subtending and sheathing bundles. Seed cone bract fused to scale; inconspicuous, unlike other Pinaceae genera.
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Term
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Definition
Pinus, Pinaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Needle-like leaves in fascicles on short shoots; also with bract-like leaves subtending and sheathing bundles. Seed cone bract fused to scale; inconspicuous, unlike other Pinaceae genera.
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Pinus, Pinaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Needle-like leaves in fascicles on short shoots; also with bract-like leaves subtending and sheathing bundles. Seed cone bract fused to scale; inconspicuous, unlike other Pinaceae genera.
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Pinus, Pinaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Needle-like leaves in fascicles on short shoots; also with bract-like leaves subtending and sheathing bundles. Seed cone bract fused to scale; inconspicuous, unlike other Pinaceae genera.
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Pinus, Pinaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Needle-like leaves in fascicles on short shoots; also with bract-like leaves subtending and sheathing bundles. Seed cone bract fused to scale; inconspicuous, unlike other Pinaceae genera.
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Pinus, Pinaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Needle-like leaves in fascicles on short shoots; also with bract-like leaves subtending and sheathing bundles. Seed cone bract fused to scale; inconspicuous, unlike other Pinaceae genera. |
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Term
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Definition
Pinus, Pinaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Needle-like leaves in fascicles on short shoots; also with bract-like leaves subtending and sheathing bundles. Seed cone bract fused to scale; inconspicuous, unlike other Pinaceae genera.
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Term
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Definition
Abies, Pinaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
"Fir Trees"
Leaf bases not persistent
Lvs are flattened and in one plane.
stems smooth
seed cones erect
bracts and scales deciduous
cones don’t fall intact but disintegrate before falling
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Term
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Definition
Abies, Pinaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
"Fir Trees"
Leaf bases not persistent
Stems smooth
Lvs Are flattened, and in one plane
seed cones erect
bracts and scales deciduous, cones don’t fall intact but disintegrate before falling |
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Picea, Pinaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Leaf tips pointy, leaf scar raised, leaf bases persistent (not deciduous).
Stems rough; seed cone pendent, falling intact. Seed cone bract fused to scale/inconspicuous.
Cone scales are thin. |
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Pseudotsuga, Pinaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Leaf scar raised but smooth and round
seed cone bracts exserted, tips 3-toothed (aka long bracts hang out of the cone scales). |
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Term
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Definition
Pseudotsuga, Pinaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Leaf scar raised but smooth and round
seed cone bracts exserted, tips 3-toothed (aka long bracts hang out of the cone scales).
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Term
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Definition
Order Pinales, Gymnosperms
Leaves linear, awl-like, or scale-like and tightly appressed to/covering stems.
Seed cone scales fused to bracts.
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Term
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Definition
Juniperus, Cupressaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
"Juniper"
Seed Cones are Fleshy, often called "Juniper Berries"
Blunt, awl-like lvs that lie very close to the stem.
Stems appear cylindrical. |
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Calocedrus, Cupressaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Seed cone pendent, scales in 3 pairs.
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Sequoia,Cupressaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Leaves on sprouting, rapidly growing, or fertile shoots are awl-like and appressed; those on other shoots are linear, spreading, +/- 2-ranked.
Seed cones < 3.5 cm, much smaller than Sequoiadendron.
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Sequoiadendron, Cupressaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
All leaves awl-like and appressed. Seed cones > 4 cm, much larger than Sequoia. |
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Term
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Definition
Order Pinales, Gymnosperms
"Yew" family
Leaves linear, alternate, 2-ranked.
Dioecious
Microsporophylls stamen-like.
Seeds not borne in cones, but solitary at tips of short twigs; each surrounded by a fleshy, brightly colored aril.
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Term
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Definition
Taxus,Taxaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Aril: red, open at the top; matures in one season |
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Term
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Definition
Taxus,Taxaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Aril: red, open at the top; matures in one season |
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Torreya,Taxaceae
Pinales, Gymnosperms
Aril green or purplish, closed at the top; matures in 2 seasons.
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Term
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Definition
Order Gnetales, Gymnosperms
Plant Type: Shrubs
Jointed Stems
Leaves: Opposite/whorled, 2 or 3 per node, fused bases sheathing.
Dioecious
Pollen plants: pollen cones 1-5 per node, short-stalked; each consisting of 2-10 series of opposite or whorled bracts; lower bracts sterile, upper each subtending 2 bractlets that subtend a stalk with 2-10 anther-like structures.
Ovulate plants: ovulate (seed) cones 1-3 per node, sessile or with short stalk; each consisting of 2-10 series of opposite or whorled bracts; lower sterile, upper each subtending 2 fused bractlets that enclose 1 ovule.
Seeds 1-3 per cone.
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Term
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Definition
Ephedra, Ephedraceae
Gnetales, Gymnosperms
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Term
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Definition
Ephedra, Ephedraceae
Gnetales, Gymnosperms
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Equisetum,Equisetaceae
Stem ribbed/jointed with obvious nodes & internodes. |
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Term
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Definition
Equisetales, Monilophytes
"Horsetails"
Stems hollow, jointed at nodes.
Branches 0 or whorled.
Leaves whorled, scale-like, fused at base into sheath with teeth (one tooth representing each leaf).
Sporangia: several on undersides of peltate sporangiophores clustered in terminal strobili.
Homosporous |
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Term
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Definition
Polypodiales, Leptosporangiate Ferns, Monilophytes
Leaves: deeply pinnately lobed to once pinnately comound with lobed leaflets
Sporangia in linear to oblong sori along veins parallel to nearest midrib; indusium shaped like sorus and opening toward midrib.
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Woodwardia, Blechnaceae
Polypodiales, Monilophytes (ferns)
Large leaves that are once pinnate. Leafelets are pinnately lobed. |
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Term
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Definition
Polypodiales, Leptosporangiate Ferns, Monilophytes
Petiole strongly grooved on upper surface.
Rhizome and base of petiole covered with felt-like hairs.
Sporangia borne along leaf margin, covered by reflexed margin (false indusium).
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Pteridium,Dennstaedtiaceae
Polypodiales, Monilophytes
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Term
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Definition
Polypodiales, Leptosporangiate Ferns, Monilophytes
Sporangia in round sori
Indusium usually present |
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Term
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Definition
Polystichum, Dryopteridaceae
Polypodiales, Monilophytes
Lvs: Once-Pinnate. Each leaflet has a lobe at the base.
Round Sori.
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Term
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Definition
Order Polypodiales, Leptosporangiate Ferns, Monilophytes
Sporangia in sori; no indusia |
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Polypodium, Polypodiaceae
Polypodiales, Monilophytes |
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Polypodium, Polypodiaceae
Polypodiales, Monilophytes |
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Term
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Definition
Polypodiales, Leptosporangiate Ferns, Monilophytes
Petioles often wiry, thin, and dark
Lack true indusia |
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Term
Genus?
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Definition
Adiantum, Pteridaceae
Polygoniales, Monilophytes
Sporangia along leaf segment margins; covered by reflexed margins (false indusia)
Fan-shaped leaflets
Petioles are dark/reddish |
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Term
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Definition
Pentagramma, Pteridaceae
Polygoniales, Monilophytes
Sporangia not aggregated into sori but instead scattered along veins. |
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Term
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Definition
Ophioglossales, Monilophytes
Fertile (sporophore) and sterile (trophophore) leaf segments quite different.
Sporangia thick-walled (eusporangiate), not clustered in sori, exposed on branches of the sporophyte, sunken into axis
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Term
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Definition
Ophioglossaceae
Ophioglossales, Monilophytes
Fertile (sporophore) and sterile (trophophore) leaf segments quite different.
Sporangia thick-walled (eusporangiate), not clustered in sori, exposed on branches of the sporophyte, sunken into axis in Ophioglossum
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Term
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Definition
Ophioglossaceae
Ophioglossales, Monilophytes
Fertile (sporophore) and sterile (trophophore) leaf segments quite different.
Sporangia thick-walled (eusporangiate), not clustered in sori, exposed on branches of the sporophyte, sunken into axis in Ophioglossum
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Term
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Definition
Ophioglossaceae
Ophioglossales, Monilophytes
Fertile (sporophore) and sterile (trophophore) leaf segments quite different.
Sporangia thick-walled (eusporangiate), not clustered in sori, exposed on branches of the sporophyte, sunken into axis in Ophioglossum
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Term
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Definition
Lycopodiales, Lycophytes
Plant Type: Aquatic or Terrestrial
Stem buried, corm-like
Lvs: Basal, simple, linear, grasslike
Sporangia solitary, embedded in leaf base, more or less covered by translucent membrane
Heterosporous
Each microsporangium contains > 10,000 microspores, bean-shaped, gray or brown
Each megasporangium contains 20-200 megaspores, white; needed for species identification
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Term
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Definition
Isoetaceae
Lycopodiales, Lycophytes |
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Term
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Definition
Order Lycopodiales, Lycophytes
Vegetative leaves 4-ranked, overlapping
Sporangia in axils of fertile leaves aggregated in strobili
Fertile leaves 4-ranked; strobili square in cross-section
Heterosporous
Each microsporangium (usually upper part of strobilus) contains many pale-colored microspores
Each megasporangium (usually lower part of strobilus) contains 4 large yellow-orange megaspores
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Term
Family?
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Definition
Selaginellaceae
Lycopodiales, Lycophytes
Vegetative leaves 4-ranked, overlapping
Sporangia in axils of fertile leaves aggregated in strobili
Fertile leaves 4-ranked; strobili square in cross-section
Heterosporous
Each microsporangium (usually upper part of strobilus) contains many pale-colored microspores
Each megasporangium (usually lower part of strobilus) contains 4 large yellow-orange megaspores
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Term
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Definition
Order Salviniales, Leptosporangiate ferns, Monilophytes
Plant Type: Floating/stranded on mud, entire plant<1 cm.
Leaves 2-lobed, fan-shaped
Roots pendant from thread-like, forked stem.
Upper leaf lobe: floating/emergent, thick, green or red. Lower lobe: submersed; larger, thinner, white
Heterosporous
Leptosporangiate, but without annulus.
Sporangia in axillary cases, usually in pairs of 2 mega- or 2 micro-sporangia cases
Microsporangia: in spherical cases with transparent wall
Megasporangia: in cases covered by spongy masses that aid in flotation
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Term
Family?
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Definition
Azollaceae
Salviniales, Leptosporangiate ferns, Monilophytes
Plant Type: Floating/stranded on mud, entire plant<1 cm.
Leaves 2-lobed, fan-shaped, roots pendant from thread-like, forked stem.
Upper leaf lobe: floating/emergent, thick, green or red. Lower lobe: submersed; larger, thinner, white
Heterosporous
Leptosporangiate, but without annulus.
Sporangia in axillary cases, usually in pairs of 2 mega- or 2 micro-sporangia
Microsporangia: in spherical cases with transparent wall, 20-100 stalked sporangia per case, each with 32-64 spores, in 3-6 barbed masses.
Megasporangia: in cases covered by spongy masses that aid in flotation; each case with just 1 sporangium and 1 megaspore.
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Family?
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Definition
Dryopteridaceae
Polypodiales, Monilophytes
Sporangia in round sori
Indusium usually present |
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Term
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Definition
Cupressaceae
Order Pinales, Gymnosperms
Leaves linear, awl-like, or scale-like and tightly appressed to/covering stems, alternate, opposite and 4-ranked, or in whorls of 3 and 6-ranked.
Seed cone scales fused to bracts.
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Term
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Definition
Cupressaceae
Order Pinales, Gymnosperms
Leaves linear, awl-like, or scale-like and tightly appressed to/covering stems, alternate, opposite and 4-ranked, or in whorls of 3 and 6-ranked.
Seed cone scales fused to bracts.
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Term
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Definition
Polypodiales, Leptosporangiate Ferns, Monilophytes
Sporangia in Sori |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster of spore-producing receptacles on the underside of a fern frond. |
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Term
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Definition
| An enclosure in which spores are formed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structure that produces spores that give rise to female gametophytes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structure that bears megasporangia |
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Term
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Definition
Lycopodiales, Lycophytes
Fertile leaves sometimes in strobili which are round in cross section.
Leaves not in well-defined ranks
Homosporous
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Term
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Definition
Sister to all other vascular plants
Dominant trees of Carboniferous
Sperm biflagellate
Leaves are microphylls
Heterosporous or homosporous
Sporangia in axils of modified leaves aggregated into strobili or in axils of photosynthetic leaves
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Term
| Families in Order Lycopodiales |
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Definition
Lycopodiaceae
Selaginellaceae
Isoetaceae |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Families in Order Polypodiales |
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Definition
Blechnaceae
Dennstaedtiaceae
Dryopteridaceae
Woodsiaceae
Polypodiaceae
Pteridaceae |
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Term
| Families in Order Salviniales |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Seedless Vascular Plants? |
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Definition
| Lycophytes and Monilophytes |
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Term
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Definition
Leptosporangiate Ferns, Monilophytes
Megaphylls, often once or more pinnately lobed and/or compound
Circinate venation
Sporangia one cell layer thick (leptosporangium), with annulus
Sporangia often aggregated in sori, sometimes with indusia or false indusia
Homosporous
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Equisetales
Ophioglossales
Polypodiales
Salviniales |
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Term
| Orders in Leptosporangiate Ferns |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Producing spores of one kind only that are not differentiated by sex. The spores of homosporous plants, such as horsetails and most ferns, grow into bisexual gametophytes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Producing Two different types of spores |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin, membranous covering over sori on a fern frond. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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