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| The hardest (most rigid) of the Earth’s layers, made of tectonic plates. |
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| Layer of hot, soft rock that the tectonic plates move on. |
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| This causes heating, rising, and sinking action that moves the Earth’s surface. |
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| Where the edges of two plates meet. |
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| Occurs where two tectonic plates are sliding in opposite directions past each other. |
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| Occurs where two tectonic plates are spreading apart. |
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| The process of the seafloor being dragged underneath the crust of the Earth. |
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| These are deep canyons that form on the ocean floor as crust sinks. |
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| The giant landmass that included all of the continents before they drifted apart. |
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| Huge underwater mountain range. |
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| Areas in the ocean where new crust is being made. |
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| Gravity drags the edge of a cool, dense plate into the Earth. |
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| Theory of Plate Tectonics |
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| The lithosphere is made of huge plates that move over the Earth's surface. |
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| continental-continental collision |
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| Two plates carrying continental crust push together. |
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| All ocean floors are made of this. |
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| Places where heated rock rises in plumes and makes volcanoes |
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| The north and south poles flip every 300,000 years. |
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| oceanic-continental subduction |
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| A dense oceanic plate slides under continental crust. |
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| The densest of the Earth’s layers. |
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| It didn’t explain how continents moved. |
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| Why did many scientists reject Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis? |
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| The sea floor is youngest near a mid-ocean ridge. |
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| What evidence from the sea floor proves that tectonic plates move? |
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| Coastal mountains form where plates |
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| These form at divergent boundaries, on land. |
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| This is the world’s longest continuous mountain range. |
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| Wegener had geological evidence of continental drift because rocks in the Appalachians matched those in the |
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| fossils of tropical plants were found in Greenland. |
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| Wegener had climate evidence for continental drift since |
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| The San Andreas Fault is an example of what type of boundary? |
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| the Indian and Eurasian plates are still colliding. |
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| The Himalayas and the Alps are still growing because |
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| We know that the magnetic field of the Earth flips because it is recorded where? |
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| All life on Earth lives within the boundaries of this layer. |
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| In the 1950's the US Navy invented this technology that allowed us to map the sea floor in detail. |
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New crust is being created faster than old crust is being destroyed.
T or F |
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| The Great Rift Valley, Africa, is an example of what type of boundary? |
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| The Hawaiian Islands formed (and continue to form) over this. |
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| continental-continental collision |
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Definition
| The European Alps formed from this type of collision. |
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| Island arcs and coastal mountains form parallel to these. |
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Term
| slab pull, ridge push, and convection |
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Definition
| These three forces are responsible for moving tectonic plates |
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