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Plants
Different plant organs
52
Biology
11th Grade
01/22/2009

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Term
Receptacle
Definition
Part of the branch where the flower forms.
Term
Roots
Definition
The main transportation of water and nutrients into the plant.
Term
Shoots
Definition
Transports water and nutrients around the plant.
Term
Monocots
Definition
Flowering plants that have 1 embryonic seed leaf. Petals are usually in groups of 3's, have parallel veins, scattered vascular tissue, fibrous root system and a pollen grain with one opening.
Term
Eudicots
Definition
Flowering plants that have 2 embryonic seed leaves. Petals are usually in groups of 4's or 5's, have netlike veins, arranged vascular tissue, taproot system, and a pollen grain with multiple openings.
Term
Parenchyma Cell
Definition
A plant cell that carries out most of the metabolism, synthesizes and stores products, and developes into a more differentiated cell type.
Term
Collenchyma Cell
Definition
The layer of modified tissue consisting of cells that are thickened at the angles and usually elongated.
Term
Sclerenchyma Cell
Definition
Supporting or protective tissue composed of thickened, dry, and hardened cells. Dies at maturity.
Term
Xylem
Definition
Vein in vascular plants that transports water and other nutrients.
Term
Phloem
Definition
Vein in vascular plants that transports sugars.
Term
Dermal Tissue
Definition
The outer protective layers of protection of plants.
Term
Ground Tissue
Definition
Any tissue in a plant that is not Dermal or Vascular.
Term
Vascular Tissue
Definition
The transport system of a plant containing 2 veins: the Xylem and the Phloem.
Term
Apical Meristems
Definition
Tissue in the tips of roots and buds of shoots that supply cells for the plant to grow in length.
Term
Lateral Meristems
Definition
A meristem that thickens the roots and shoots of woody plants.
Term
Primary Growth
Definition
Growth produced by Apical Meristems, lenghtening the roots and stems.
Term
Secondary Growth
Definition
Growth produced by Lateral Meristems, thickening the roots and stems of woody plants.
Term
Zone of Cell Division
Definition
Zone of primary growth in roots consisting of the root Apical Meristem and its derivatives. This is where new root cells are produced.
Term
Zone of Elongation
Definition
Zone of primary growth in roots where new cells elongate.
Term
Zone of Maturation
Definition
Zone of primary growth in roots where cells complete their differentiation and become fully mature.
Term
Root Anatomy
Definition
Organs in vascular plants that anchors the plant and absorbs nutrients and and water from the soil.
Term
Cuticle
Definition
Waxy covering on the outside of leaves and stems that is water-tight to keep in water.
Term
Epidermis
Definition
The dermal tissue system of non-woody plants, usually consisting of an outer layer of tightly packed cells.
Term
Palisade Mesophyll
Definition
One or more layers of elongated photosynthetic cells on the upper part of the leaf.
Term
Spongy Mesophyll
Definition
Loosely aranged photosynthetic cells located just beneath the palisade layer of the leaf.
Term
Spongy Mesophyll
Definition
Loosely aranged photosynthetic cells located just beneath the palisade layer of the leaf.
Term
Stomata
Definition
The openings in the outer layer of a leaf that allow materials to move inside and outside of the plant.
Term
Guard Cells
Definition
The cells that regulate what comes and goes throught the stomata of the plant.
Term
Pistil
Definition
A single carpel of a group of fused carpels.
Term
Stigma
Definition
The sticky part of a flower's carpel that traps pollen.
Term
Style
Definition
Stalk of the flower's carpel with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top.
Term
Ovary
Definition
Portion of the carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develope.
Term
Stamen
Definition
Pollen procing organ of a flower. Contains the anther and the filament.
Term
Anther
Definition
The terminal pollen sack of the stamen, where pollen grains with male gametes form.
Term
Filament
Definition
The stalk of a stamen.
Term
Petals
Definition
A modified leaf of a flowering plant. Often colorful to advertise it to pollenators.
Term
Sepals
Definition
A modified leaf in flowering plants that helps to enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens.
Term
Alteration of Generations
Definition
A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte.
Term
Zygote
Definition
The diploid product of the union of haploid gametes in conception. It is a fertilized egg.
Term
Cotyledon
Definition
A seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo. Some species have one, some have two. (Monocots and Eudicots)
Term
Auxins
Definition
Natural plant hormones that have a variety of effects, including cell elongation, root formation, secondary growth, and fruit growth.
Term
Abscission
Definition
The growth of a plant.
Term
Gibberellins
Definition
Hormones that stimulate the growth of stems and leaves, trigger the germination of seeds, and stimulate fruit development with auxins.
Term
Indoleactetic Acid (IAA)
Definition
Affects the root and shoot tips of plants. Shoot tips- promotes growth in the shoot area. Root tips- high concentrations inhibit growth and small amounts promote growth.
Term
Cytokinins
Definition
Hormones that inhibit aging and act in concert with auxin to stimulate cell division, influence the pathway of differentiation, and control apical dominace.
Term
Ethylene
Definition
Plant hormone that affects responses to mechanical stress, programmed cell death, leaf abscission, and fruit ripening.
Term
Tropism
Definition
Growth response that results in cuvature of a whole plants organs toward or away from a stimuli owing to differential rates of cell elongation.
Term
Nastic Movements
Definition
Movements that are in response to a stimulus, but independent of the direction of the stimulus. Reversible and do not involve growth. Involve change in internal pressure of some cells.
Term
Abscisic Acid
Definition
Hormone that slows down growth. Promotes seed dormancy and facilitates drought tolerance.
Term
Thermonasty
Definition
Opening and closing of flowers in response to temperature changes.
Term
Seismonasty
Definition
Mechanical movements.
Term
Photoperiodism
Definition
Response of a plant to changes in the lenght of day or night. Controls flowering and leaf abscission.
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