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| Alternation of Generations |
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Definition
| The fluctuation between the diploid (sporophyte) and haploid (gametophyte) life stages that occurs in plants. |
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| A vascular flowering plant in which seeds are enclosed inside of protective ovaries. |
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| An organism that synthesizes its own organic nutrients and does not rely on other organisms for food. |
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| A lower terrestrial plant (often a moss or liverwort) that lacks a vascular system and is dependent on environmental moisture for reproductive and nutritive functions. |
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| Roughly spherical underground bud containing additional buds that can develop asexually into new plants. |
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| A green pigment, necessary for photosynthesis, that is found in the chloroplasts of plants. |
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| An flowering plant (angiosperm) that possesses two cotyledons during embryonic development. |
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| Having two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. |
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| A haploid sex cell (either an egg or sperm cell); male and female gametes join during fertilization to create a diploid zygote. |
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| A haploid plant or plant structure that produces haploid gametes through mitosis. |
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| An artificial form of vegetative propagation in which parts of two young plants are joined together, first by artificial means and then by tissue regeneration. |
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| A vascular non-flowering plant (commonly known as a conifer) in which seeds are not protected by an ovary. |
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| Having only one set of chromosomes. |
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| A chemical that affects the ways in which an organism function; it is produced in one part of the plant body but, by traveling to target cells throughout the body, affects many other parts as well. |
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| A component of the cell layer that covers the reproductive organs of plants and prevents them from drying out. |
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| A flowering plant (angiosperm) that possesses one cotyledon during embryonic development. |
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Definition
| In plants, the protective structure that holds the ovules and surrounds the angiosperm seed; after fertilization, develops into a fruit. |
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| Structure that contains the female gametophyte and gametes; after fertilization, develops into a seed. |
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| Vascular tissue composed of cells that are living at maturity; transports the products of photosynthesis throughout the plant body. |
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| The process by which plants and other autotrophic organisms convert light energy into organic materials. |
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| The male gametophyte of gymnosperms and angiosperms. |
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| The part of a plant beneath the soil; responsible for collecting water and minerals from the soil, storing nutrients, and securing the plant to the ground. |
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Definition
| An outgrowth of a plant root that provides an increased surface area for the absorption of water and dissolved minerals from the soil. |
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Definition
| Slender horizontal stem that can give rise, via specialized nodes, to new plants. |
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| The part of the plant above the soil, including all aerial structures such as stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits; gathers carbon dioxide and light energy for photosynthesis, provides surfaces for gas exchange, and contains the plant's reproductive organs. |
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| A diploid plant or plant structure that produces haploid spores through meiosis. |
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| A very small epidermal pore, surrounded by two guard cells, through which gases diffuse in and out of a leaf. |
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| A terrestrial plant with a vascular system. |
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| Fleshy underground storage structure, composed of an enlarged portion of the stem, that has on its surface buds capable of producing new plants. |
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| Mechanism of internal water and nutrient transport, made up of the vascular tissues xylem and phloem, that is characteristic of tracheophytes. |
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| A conductive component (either xylem or phloem) of the system that transports food and nutrients throughout the plant body. |
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| A form of asexual reproduction in which plants produce genetically identical offshoots (clones) of themselves, which then develop into independent plants. |
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| Vascular tissue composed of cells that are dead at maturity; transports water and dissolved minerals upwards from the roots to the shoot. |
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| The male sex organ of terrestrial plants; where sperm cells are generated. |
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| The female sex organ of terrestrial plants; where egg cells are produced. |
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| The outer layer of cells found on the body wall of an organism. |
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| Haploid cell from which a gametophyte is produced. |
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Definition
| A very small epidermal pore, surrounded by two guard cells, through which gases diffuse in and out of a leaf. |
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| A substance, formed from a triploid nucleus in angiosperm reproduction, that nourishes a developing embryo within a seed. |
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| The process, occurring in most angiosperms, by which the male gametes of one plant (carried by pollen grains) fertilize the eggs of another. |
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Definition
| The mechanism of angiosperm fertilization that involves the joining of haploid gametes to create a diploid zygote, and the simultaneous joining of a second sperm cell with a fusion nucleus to create a triploid nucleus (which becomes endosperm). |
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Definition
| A form of vegetative propagation in which a severed plant part develops into a whole new plant. |
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Definition
| The diploid product formed by the joining of the two polar nuclei in the angiosperm ovule. |
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Definition
| An artificial form of vegetative propagation in which parts of two young plants are joined together, first by artificial means and then by tissue regeneration. |
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Definition
| The reproductive phenomenon, characteristic of gymnosperms and angiosperms, whereby spores of two distinct sexes are produced; these spores develop into sex-specific gametophytes. |
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Definition
| Female spore; gives rise to a female gametophyte. |
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Definition
| Cell division that results in cells with half the chromosomes of the parent cell. |
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| Male spore; gives rise to a male gametophyte. |
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Definition
| The female reproductive organ of the flower, composed of a stigma, style, and ovary; sometimes called the carpel. |
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Definition
| Two nuclei, contained within the same cell, that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction; unite in the ovule to form a fusion nucleus, which gives rise to endosperm when fertilized. |
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| The outgrowth of a pollen grain that creates a path through the female sex organ in order to penetrate to the egg cells. |
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| Slender horizontal stem that can give rise, via specialized nodes, to new plants. |
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| Very small structure on the surface of a tuber that contains a bud from which a new plant can arise. |
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| Twig or bud that is grafted onto a plant with roots (called the stock) and develops into a new shoot system. |
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| The process by which the male gametes of a plant fertilize the eggs of the same plant. |
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| The part of a plant where spores are produced. |
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| The top part of the pistil, where pollen grains are received. |
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| Plant with a root system onto which a twig or bud from another plant (called a scion) is grafted. |
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| A terrestrial plant with a vascular system. |
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| Having three sets of chromosomes. |
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| Fleshy underground storage structure, composed of an enlarged portion of the stem, that has on its surface buds capable of producing new plants. |
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Definition
| Mechanism of internal water and nutrient transport, characteristic of tracheophytes; made up of the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. |
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Definition
| A conductive component (either xylem or phloem) of the system that transports food and nutrients throughout the plant body. |
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Definition
| A form of asexual reproduction in which plants produce genetically identical offshoots (clones) of themselves, which then develop into independent plants. |
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| The diploid product of fertilization that develops into an embryo. |
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