Term
What are the five characteristics of Plants? |
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Definition
- Eukaryotic.
- Autotrophs - chlorophyll and accessory pigments.
- Waxy cuticle.
- Stomata for gas exchange necessary for photosynthesis.
- Sexual reproduction involves alternation of generation.
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Term
What is the Gametophyte Generation? |
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Definition
a) Haploid portion of life cycle which:
- gives rise to gametes by mitosis (egg and sperm)
- fertilization results in zygote
- zygotes divide by mitosis and form the multicellular embryo
- embryo develop into the gametophyte generation
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Term
What is the Sporophyte Generation? |
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Definition
b)Diploid portion of life cyle which:
- produces spores by meiosis
- spores develop into the gametophyte generation
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Term
What is the function of Xylem? |
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Definition
- Carries water and dissolved minerals up
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Term
What is the function of Phloem? |
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Definition
- Carries dissolved sugars everywhere
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Term
What are the four major groups of Plants? |
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Definition
- Bryophytes
- Ferns
- Gymnosperms
- Angiosperms
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Term
What are the five key characteristics of Bryophytes? |
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Definition
- Non vascular plants
- Are small in size
- Require a moist environment for fertilization
- Reproduce with spores
- Have a dominant gametophyte stage
Example: Mosses |
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Term
What are the four key characteristics of Ferns? |
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Definition
- Seedless vascular plants
- Grow in moist, damp areas, sperm need water to move
- Reproduce by spores
- Dominant plant is the sporophyte generation
Example: fern, club mosses |
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Term
What are the three key characteristics of Gymnosperms? |
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Definition
- Produce seeds naked within cones
- World's tallest and oldest trees
- Tree is a sporophyte, produces microspores (male pollen) and megaspores (female egg) by meiosis in separate cones
Example: Conifers (pine, fir) |
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Term
What are the four key characteristics of Angiosperms? |
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Definition
- Flowering plants
- Seeds are enclosed in a ripe ovary, the fruit, which protects the seeds
- Double fertilization occurs - unique
- Sporophyte is dominant visible plant
Example: Oak |
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Term
What are three advantages of seeds over spores? |
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Definition
- Seeds contain a multicellular embryo
- Seeds contain a food supply
- Seeds have a protective seed coat
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