Term
| (a) are called photoautotrophs |
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Definition
Organisms that can exist on light and an inorganic form of carbon and other raw materials
(a) are called photoautotrophs
(b) are called heterotrophs
(c) are best classified as decomposers
(d) do not exist in nature
(e) both c and d |
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Term
| (e) are decomposers, heterotrophs, and autotrophs |
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Definition
Organisms that metabolize organic molecules produced by other organisms
A) are decomposers.
B) are heterotrophs.
C) are autotrophs.
D) are B and C.
E) are A, B, and C. |
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Term
| (c) confirmed by experiments using oxygen-18 |
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Definition
The early suggestion that the oxygen (O2) liberated from plants during photosynthesis comes from water was
A) first published by Melvin Calvin, who also discovered the Calvin cycle.
B) A and B.
C) confirmed by experiments using oxygen-18 (18O).
D) A, B, and C.
E) made following the discovery of photorespiration because of rubisco's sensitivity to oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
A) electrons and H+
B) ADP, Pi, and NADP+
C) H2O and O2
D) CO2 and glucose
E) ATP and NADP |
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Term
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Definition
A new flower species has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment?
A) green and yellow
B) blue and violet
C) green, blue, and violet
D) blue, green, and red
E) red and yellow |
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Term
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Definition
The color of light least effective in driving photosynthesis is
A) yellow. B) red. C) green. D) blue. E) orange. |
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Term
| (c) other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a |
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Definition
The absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis are they different. Why?
A) Bright sunlight destroys photosynthetic pigments.
B) The two lines are probably the result of inaccurate measurements.
C) Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a.
D) Green and yellow wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths.
E) Anaerobic bacteria probably interfered with light absorption. |
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Term
| (b) this pigment is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 700 nm |
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Definition
The reaction-center chlorophyll of photosystem I is known as P700 because
A) there are 700 chlorophyll molecules in the center.
B) this pigment is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 700 nm.
C) it absorbs 700 photons per minute.
D) there are 700 photosystem I components to each chloroplast. |
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Term
| (d) carbon dioxide is incorporated into PGA |
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Definition
All of the events listed below occur in the energy-capturing light reactions of photosynthesis except
A) oxygen is produced.
B) ADP is phosphorylated to yield ATP.
C) NADP+ is reduced to NADPH.
D) carbon dioxide is incorporated into PGA.
E) light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a. |
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Term
| (b) to harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll |
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Definition
In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules?
A) to pass electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH
B) to harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll
C) to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi
D) to concentrate photons inside the stroma
E) to split water and release oxygen to the reaction-center chlorophyll |
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Term
| (a) RUBP carboxylase is activated by photons |
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Definition
The following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are all true except:
A) RUBP carboxylase is activated by photons.
B) Electrons are transferred from water to NADP to power of (+).
C) Chlorophyll (and other pigments) absorb light energy, which excites electrons.
D) ATP is generated by photophosphorylation.
E) The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons. |
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Term
| (b) to produce ATP and NADPH |
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Definition
What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
A) to use ATP to make glucose
B) to produce ATP and NADPH
C) to convert light energy to the chemical energy of PGAL
D) to produce NADPH used in respiration
E) to produce energy-rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water |
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Term
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Definition
A friend has discovered a new plant and brings it to you to classify. The plant has the following characteristics: a fibrous root system; no petioles; parallel leaf veins; thick, lignified cell walls; and a vascular cambium. Which of the following best describes the new plant?
A) herbaceous monocot
B) woody monocot
C) woody dicot
D) herbaceous dicot
E) woody annual |
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Term
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Definition
Most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil by a plant are absorbed by
A) storage roots.
B) taproots.
C) sections of the root that have secondary xylem.
D) root hairs.
E) the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem |
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Term
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Definition
An evolutionary adaptation that increases exposure of a plant to light in a dense forest is
A) lateral buds.
B) intercalary meristems.
C) absence of petioles.
D) apical dominance.
E) closing of the stomates. |
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Term
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Definition
A person working with plants may remove apical dominance by doing which of the following?
A) deep watering of the roots
B) fertilizing
C) pruning
D) transplanting
E) feeding the plants nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
The following question is based on parts of a growing primary root.
I. root cap
II. zone of elongation
III. zone of cell division
IV. zone of cell maturation
V. apical meristem
5) Which of the following is the correct sequence from the growing tips of the root upward?
A) IV, II, III, I, V B) I, II, V, III, IV C) III, V, I, II, IV D) II, IV, I, V, III E) I, V, III, II, IV |
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Term
| (d) produces a plant that will grow fuller |
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Definition
What effect does "pinching back" a houseplant have on the plant?
A) increases the flow of auxin down the shoot
B) inhibits the growth of lateral buds
C) produces a plant that will grow taller
D) produces a plant that will grow fuller
E) increases apical dominance |
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Term
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Definition
Land plants are composed of all the following tissue types except
A) ground tissue. B) meristematic. C) vascular. D) epidermal. E) mesoderm. |
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Term
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Definition
Plant vascular tissue includes all of the following cell types except
A) tracheids.
B) cambium cells.
C) sieve cells.
D) vessel elements.
E) companion cells. |
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Term
| (e) both xylem and sieve-tube cells |
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Definition
Which functional plant cells lack a nucleus?
A) xylem only
B) sieve-tube cell only
C) companion cells only
D) both companion and parenchyma cells
E) both xylem and sieve-tube cells |
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Term
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Definition
| long, thin, tapered cells with lignified cell walls that function in support and permit water flow through pits |
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Term
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Definition
| living cells that lack nuclei and ribosomes; they transport sucrose and other organic nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| the least specialized plant cells, which serve general metabolic, synthetic, and storage functions |
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Term
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Definition
| cells with unevenly thickened primary walls that support young parts of the plant |
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Term
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Definition
| mature cells without protoplasts but with thick, lignified secondary walls that may form fibers |
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Term
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Definition
What is the largest organelle in most mature living plant cells?
A) dictyosome (Golgi apparatus)
B) mitochondrion
C) chloroplast
D) nucleus
E) central vacuole |
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Term
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Definition
There are several properties of a soil in which typical plants would grow well. Of the following, which would be the least conducive to plant growth?
A) abundant humus
B) high cation exchange capacity
C) high clay content
D) high porosity
E) numerous soil organisms |
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Term
| (b) it is lost during transpiration |
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Definition
Which of the following describes the fate of most of the water taken up by a plant?
A) It is used as a hydrogen source in photosynthesis.
B) It is lost during transpiration.
C) It makes cell elongation possible.
D) It is used as a solvent.
E) It is used to keep cells turgid. |
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Term
| (c) lost by stomata through transpiration |
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Definition
The greatest proportion of the water taken up by plants is
A) stored in the xylem.
B) absorbed by central vacuoles during cell elongation.
C) lost through stomata during transpiration.
D) returned to the soil by roots.
E) split during photosynthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
Organic molecules make up what percentage of the dry weight of a plant?
A) 17% B) 6% C) 67% D) 96% E) 81% |
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Term
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Definition
You are conducting an experiment on plant growth. You take a plant fresh from the soil and it weighs 5 kg. Then you dry the plant overnight and determine the dry weight to be 1 kg. Of this dry weight, how much would you expect to be made up of inorganic minerals?
A) 1 kg B) 5 kg C) 500 grams D) 50 grams E) 4 kg |
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Term
| (d) oxygen; carbon; hydrogen |
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Definition
Plant growth and development depend primarily on three main components: __________, __________, and __________.
A) phosphorus; nitrogen; oxygen
B) sulfur; nitrogen; phosphorus
C) nitrogen; carbon; oxygen
D) oxygen; carbon; hydrogen
E) potassium; carbon; oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
A growing plant exhibits chlorosis of the leaves of the entire plant. The chlorosis is probably due to a deficiency of which of the following macronutrients?
A) nitrogen B) calcium C) hydrogen D) oxygen E) carbon |
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Term
| (b) sulfur horizontal component of DNA; activates some enzymes |
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Definition
Which of the following elements is incorrectly paired with its function in a plant?
A) nitrogen horizontal component of nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, coenzymes
B) sulfur horizontal component of DNA; activates some enzymes
C) potassium horizontal cofactor functional in protein synthesis; osmosis; operation of stomata
D) magnesium horizontal component of chlorophyll; activates many enzymes
E) phosphorus horizontal component of nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP, several coenzymes |
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Term
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Definition
In the nutrition of a plant, which element is classified as a macronutrient?
A) zinc B) chlorine C) molybdenum D) manganese E) calcium |
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