Coca

- latin name?

- geographical origin?

Erythroxyium coca

Native to Andean highlands

Coca

- What helps extract coca from leaves?

- How is it measured and consumed?

- Lime!

- Measured in grains 2oz. of leaves = 0.7 grain

*injection has about 6.8 grain (almost 10x more!)

Coca

- What products or foods is it found in?

- Science behind it

- Mariani (coca wine), Coca Cola originally, given to workers to increase ability in sugar plantations

- Interferes with dopamine uptake --> prolongs feelings of well-being. Lessens feelings of hunger and fatigue.

Coca / Crack Cocaine

- Harrison Narcotic Act of 1913 and its effects

- Science of Crack Cocaine

- Etc. Facts

- Led to price increase of cocaine...led to free base versions called crack cocaine

- HCl salt + boiling water + baking soda

*less dangerous, snorted, passes through mucous membrane

- Considered divine plant by priests ~3000BC, reserved for royal Incans, popularized by Freud and Sir Arthur Doyle

Chat

- Place of origin and movement?

- Effects?

- What is used to extract it?

- Taste?

- Plant qualities?

- E. Africa (Ethiopia/Kenya) origin. Small shrub, cultivated at high elevations. A bit ugly!

E. Africa > Saudi Arabia > stayed in that region due to proper growing conditions

- Not as addictive as cocaine. Euphoria, increased alertness, excitement, hyperactive, relieves from fatigue, dry mouth, decreased appetite = poor nutrition.

- Soda water!

- Bitter taste - must chew for awhile!

- High in Vitamin C, Iron, and Calcium

Tobacco

- latin name

- origin

- nicotiana tabacum. Nightshade family.

- native to C/S. America

Tobacco

- Medical uses/facts

- History/etc. facts

- At 1st thought to be of great medicinal use, but turns out there's not really. Nicotine is a powerful compound (alkaloid) that can be very addictive.

- Smoked by Native Americans (smoke going to gods), people smoked when hungry

- Tobacco reached VA in 1619, welcomed well by farmers because of profit

- Great for biotechnology use and genetic engineering

Tobacco

- Science/Processing

- Harvested, then cured (dried on lines...80% H2O reduced to about 20%, starch to sugar through partial fermentation giving taste, grinding and additives for taste)

- Nicotine = most widely used psychoactive drug, alkaloid, crosses BBB faster than heroin and caffeine, releases dopamine + adrenaline, increases BP

Depressants

Drugs that depress the CNS, euphoria due to sedation/calming/tranquilizing

Examples: Opium, alcohol

OPIUM

- Latin name?

- Origin?

Opium

- Plant information? Latex?

- Synthetic form is called?

- Golden Triangle is?

- Opium obtained from capsule (fruit) called latex. Starts white, turns yellow > brown when latex exposed over time. Flower's ovary matures to capsule.

- Heroin...add acetyl group to make more lipid soluble. Fast addiction, intense risks if overdosed.

- Laos, Burma, Thailand - where opium is widely cultivated (Tropic Thunder!!)

Opium

- History

- Science: composition of opium? 

- China, Emperor Ming 17th century mandates opium over tobacco > leads to widespread addiction. East India Company's massive shipments of it into China lead to more addiction (1/4 people) and also lead to Opium Wars

- Morphine and Codeine. After isolation of morphine and invention of hypodermic needle, used widely as an intense painkiller.

Hallucinogens

Induce deam-like states and changes in perception

Examples: nutmeg, peyote, S. American shuffs, ololiuqui, ergot, marijuana, morning glory glones

Hallucinogens

- Compounds that cause effects?

- Alkaloids of plant origin (except THC in marijuana which looks like an alkaloid but is missing a nitrogen)

- Cocaine

- Mescaline

-Ephedrine

- Morphine/Codeine (Poppy)

Peyote

- Latin name?

- Origin?

- Chemical and its effects?

- Method of consumption?

- Lophophora williamsii

- Grey/Green cactus from Texas/New Mexico area

- Contains 40 different alkaloids! Most active is mescaline which mimics norepinephrine

- Top of the stem is cut off, root is left for regeneration. Stem tips (aka buttons) eaten after softening/chewing