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Plant Terms
Practice plant identification terms
34
Biology
Undergraduate 3
02/22/2013

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Term
What does a corm stem look like?
Definition

[image]

Not layered like an onion but sort of bulb like.  Squat.

Term
Rhizome stem
Definition
A horizontal or ascending underground stem.  Sometimes at ground level.
Term
Two major root types of angiosperms
Definition
Fibrous (roots all roughly the same width) or taproot (one really large root with smaller ones coming out)
Term
Stolon and runner
Definition
[image]
Term
Perfoliate Leaves
Definition
[image]
Term
Fascicled Leaves
Definition

[image]

 

Leaves bunched together.  Property of pines.

Term
Alternate and second ranked leaves (distichous)
Definition
Only 1 leaf attached at each node or height on the stem, and the leaves line up in 2 vertical rows as seen from above.
Term
Alternate and third-ranked (tristichous)
Definition
Only 1 leaf attached at each node or height on the stem, and the leaves line up in 3 vertical rows as seen from above.
Term
Basal leaves
Definition
Leaves attached at ground level
Term
Bifoliate
Definition
Compound with only 2 leaflets (leaf shape)
Term
Ternate or trifoliolate
Definition
A leaf divided into three leaflets.  Whether it's simple or compound depends on the point of articulation (where leaves detach when they fall).
Term
Twice Ternate (2x)
Definition
Leaf with three divided leaflets which are then divided into three leaflets again.
Term
Palmately Compound Leaf
Definition
Leaf divided around a central point into 3 or more separate leaflets.
Term
Even pinnate leaves
Definition
[image]
Term
Odd pinnate
Definition
[image]
Term
Leaf veins palmate
Definition
Primary veins radiating out from a common point near the base[image]
Term
Leaf ribs pinnate
Definition
Primary veins extend out from a common midrib[image]
Term
Scale leaves
Definition
[image]
Term
Petiole
Definition
Stalk attaching the leaf blade to the stem
Term
Petiole or blade of leaf sheathing around the stem
Definition
[image]
Term
Stipules
Definition

[image]

 

One or two appendages at leaf base.

Term
Possible flower locations on a plant
Definition
Terminal (only at the end of the stem), axillary or lateral (in leaf or branch axils, nodes opposite leaves, or stem between leaves), or on leaf surface
Term
Sessile
Definition
Attaches directly without a stalk
Term
Pedicel
Definition
Stalk that attaches a flower to the stem
Term
Spike - flower sessile
Definition

[image]

One flower per node, generally in spiral fashion

Term
Spadix
Definition
Think arum family.
Term
Raceme
Definition

[image]

 

Similar to a spike but flowers have pedicels.

Term
Corymb
Definition

[image]

Like a raceme but flat topped because of long pedicels.

Term
Panicle
Definition

[image]

A compound raceme

Term
Calyx
Definition
Collective term for the sepals on a flower (together the sepals are called a calyx)
Term
Corolla
Definition
Collective term for the petals of a flower (together the petals are called the corolla).
Term
Syngenesious stamens
Definition

[image]

Stamens form a column

Term
Epigynous, Perigynous, Hypogynous
Definition

[image]

Ovary position in the flower.

 

Epigynous - Having the ovary enclosed in the receptacle, with the stamens and other floral parts situated above.

 

Perigynous - (of a plant or flower) Having the stamens and other floral parts at the same level as the carpels.

 

Hypogynous - Having the floral parts, such as sepals, petals, and stamens, borne on the receptacle beneath the ovary.

Term
Perianth
Definition
Refers to all petals and sepals
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