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Definition
| Leaf arrangement: whorled; shoot can be long or short; fan-shaped leaf |
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Term
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Definition
Pine trees;
Unarmed cones;
small fragile pollen cones;
woody ovulate cones; |
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Definition
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Definition
Club Mosses;
erect leafy stems, pair of strobili, rhizomes |
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Definition
Spike Moss Family;
can look like a fern or moss; |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Bracken fern family
-Key trait: marginal sori with revolute leaf margin |
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Definition
The Pink Family
Leaves: opposite, simple, entire
*Swollen nodes*
Flowers:
-flowers in cymes or solitary
-5 petals, often formed as claw with blade
-petals often notched, toothed (‘pinked’) or lobed at tip
-10 stamen attached to receptacle
-2-5 carpels
-ovary has free-central or basal placentation
(one locule)
Fruits:
-capsule or achene |
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Definition
Wood Fern family;
-sori and indusium well-developed, away from leaf margin (occasionally as separate frond) |
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Term
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Definition
Shrubs and trees. Succulent and spiny.
Leaves: alternate, simple, often highly reduced or absent, or modified into spines
-have “areoles” =pad-like buds that bear spines
Flowers:
-flowers generally solitary
-ovary inferior (sunken in stem tissue)
-tepals numerous, spirally arranged
-stamen numerous, distinct, basally adnate to innermost tepals
-2 to many carpels
-multi-lobed stigma
-ovary has parietal placentation (one locule)
Fruits:
-berry or fleshy capsule, surrounded by stem tissue |
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Term
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Definition
-monoeciousor dioecious-leaves various (flattened scales, short needles, sharp awl-like)
-2-many ovules per cone scale
-usually woody ovulate cones, except for Juniperus
-cones often spherica |
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Definition
-highly toxic
-seeds have fleshy aril
-alternate, flat needles |
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Definition
-generally short shrubs
-superficially resemble palms
-leaves tightly alternate and pinnate (resemble whorled arrangement)
-very tough, cardboard-like leaves
-diocecious |
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Definition
Welwitshia mirabilis: bizarre plant that grows in Namib desert; only makes two leaves throughout its life and takes water from sea mists
Ephedra sp: jointed stems with scale-like leaves. Flower-like strobili |
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Term
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Definition
Leaves:
-alternate
-usually entire (except for Liriodendron)
-stems and leaves have oil glands
Flowers:
-solitary, large and showy-usually perfect
-ovary superior
-perianthattached in spirals or whorls
-may be differentiated sepals and petals, or just tepals
-tepals6 to numerous
-numerous stamen spirally attached to receptacle
-stamen often flattened and without clear filament
-numerous pistils spirally attached to receptacle
-carpelscan be totally distinct to partially fused
Fruits:
-receptacle becomes elongated and woody
-commonly aggregate of follicles
-can also be aggregate of samaras or berries
-Seeds often have red or orange fleshy seed coat (except Liriodendron) |
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Term
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Definition
*milky sap*
Leaves: usually opposite, simple, and entire
Flowers:
-cyme or umbel
-5 unusual stamen: filaments modified into corona with hoods and horns
-gynostegium: structure of connate anthers in ring around drum-shaped stigma |
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Term
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Definition
Potato family
Leaves alternate
Often hairy prickly stems
Flowers:
5 sepals & 5 petals often fused in wheel, bell, or funnel shaped corrola
-5 stamen, epipetalous
-anthers often very large and yellow and open by pores
Fruits:
capsule or berry (bell peppers) |
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Term
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Definition
Carrot family
Leaves: alternate or basal
*Sheathing petioles*
*hollow stems*
-internal oil tubules causing strongly scented tissues
Flowers:
*umbel*
-stylopodia- enlargement above the ovary that secretes nectar
-2 carpels
Fruits:
schizocarp w/ 2 mericarps, often strongly ribbed |
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Term
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Definition
Mint Family
Leaves: opposite leaves
*Square stems*
Punctate leaves with strong scents
Flowers:
*verticillate- arranged in whorls*
zygomorphic flowers- 2-lobed upper lip and 3 lobed lower lip
Fruits:
*4 lobed ovary*
4 nutlet per flower |
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Definition
Beech Family/ OAKS
Flowers: staminate inflorescences catkins
Fruits: *nut surrouneded by woody cupule* |
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Definition
Honeysuckle Family
Leaves: opposite leaves
Flowers: zygomorphic flowers
-connate petals
-4 to 5 stamen adnate to corrola
Fruit: berry; sometimes capsule, drupe, or achene |
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Term
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Definition
Birch or Alder Family
Leaves: toothed margins- biserrate
Flowers: flowers in catkins |
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Term
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Definition
Cucumber family
herbaceous vines
Leaves: *tendrils*
Flowers:
Inferior ovary
5 petals- connate
Fruits:
indehiscent or dehiscent |
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Term
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Definition
Spurge family
Milky sap
produces poisonous secondary compounds
Flowers:
-usually no petals
-inflorescence called cyathium or a false flower
-cuplike ovolucre of 4-5 connate bracts
-sometimes bracts have flattened petaloid appendages
Flowers:
-schizocarpic capsule fruit |
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Term
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Definition
Rose Family
Stipules Present
Flowers: Numerous Stamen (10+)
-hypanthium w/ nectar ring: fusion of base of perianth and stamen forms a cup or disk or tube |
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Term
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Definition
Mulberry (Fig) Family
Milky sap
Enclosed flowers
*Fruit- achene or drupelet, often coalescent into multiple fruit* |
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Term
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Definition
Mustard family
*Distinct flowers!*- 4merous flowers perianth with petals in cross shape
-petals often yellow, white, purple, or pink
-6 steam are tetradynamous- 4 long and 2 short filaments
Fruits:
sillques- long and slender
silicles- round and squat, sometimes heart shaped |
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Term
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Definition
Maple Family
Think maple leaves
Flowers:
2 styles or one deeply divided style
nectar disk
Fruits:
*samaroid schizocarps with one seed per locule* |
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Term
Rosaceae
Sub: SPiraeoideae |
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Definition
woody plants
superior ovary
Fruit is an aggregate of follicles or a capsule |
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Definition
usually one carpel
Fruit is a drupe |
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Term
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Definition
1 to many distinct carpels
Fruit is aggregate of achenes or drupelets
Fruit often has accesory tissue (hypanthium or receptacle) known as a hip
*Strawberries* |
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Term
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Definition
2-5+ connate carpels
Inferior ovary
Fruit is a pome (apple or pear) |
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Term
Fabaceae
Sub:
Mimosoideae
Caesalpinoideae
Papilionoideae |
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Definition
Bean/Pea/Legume Family
Fruits:
Legumes- have two seams
sometimes indihiscent
sometimes loments- break into one-seeded pieces
Mimosoideae:
leaves usually bipinnately compound
Flowers: reduced petals, conspicuous and many stamen
Caesalpinoideae:
Leaves usually bipinnate leaves
Flowers are zygomorphic- distinct petals and upper petal is often different shape or color than other petals
Papilionoideae:
usually simple leaves with modified tendrils
Flowers: zygomorphic: Upper large banner, lower petals are wings and keel
-diadelphous stamen: 10 stamen- 1 distinct and 9 connate |
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Term
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Definition
The Willow Family
-Dioecious Plant
-Inflorescence: Catkin, subtended by bractlets(spike-like inflorescence of apetalousstaminate or pistillateflowers, often with scaly bracts and wind pollination)
Fruit: capsule with comose seeds |
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Term
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Definition
Flowers:
-stamen are basally connate
-one elongated style is slender beaked
Fruit:
can be a capsule or an elastic dehiscent schizocarp |
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Term
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Definition
Colored sap
Lots of stamen
Crumpled petals |
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Term
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Definition
zygomorphic flowers
nectur spur on top |
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Term
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Definition
Water Lilly Family
actinomorphic
many sepal and stamen
Fruit: spongy or fleshy berry
Indehiscent pods |
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Term
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Definition
Actinomorphic symmetry
Urniform or campanulate shaped
Fruits:
berries, sometimes drupe or dry capsule |
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Term
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Definition
Flowers:
zygomorphic: two lipped
Filaments adnate to corrola
Fruit: often dehiscent, two chambered capsule |
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Term
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Definition
Citrus family
Flowers: nectary disk present
one style
Fruits:
capsule drupe, berry, hesperidium, samara, schizocarp, or cluster of folicles |
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Term
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Definition
Fruit:
achene, berry, or follicle (capsule) |
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Term
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Definition
Alternate leaves
Fruit is a drupe sometimes a berry |
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