Caryophyllaceae [image] [image]
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" The Pink Family" * notched petals!!!!* herbs, annual and perennial swollen nodes leaves opposite, simple Floral Characteristics: flowers are regular and perfect K 5 sepals distinct or connate C5 often notched or ragged A 5 or more filaments distinct; commonly 2x the # of petals; sometimes 10 stamens G 2-5 united carpels, locule: 1 ovules many and borne on free-central or basal placentation ovary superior ( multiple fused carpels), styles 2-5 distinct Genera: 75- 80 Species: 2K Cosmopolitan in temperate areas Need to Know: Dianthus Stellaria Cerastium Sapponaria |
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| free-central placentation |
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| The arrangement of ovules on a central column that is not connected to the ovary wall by partitions, as in the ovaries of the carnation and primrose. |
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| the stalk is in the center, on which are borne all the ovules |
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Carnation Caryophyllaceae |
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chickweed Caryophyllaceae |
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herbs or shrubs often succulent leaves often "scurfy" (mealy covered) Calyx often persistent in fruit. Genera: 100 Species: 1500 widely distributed but often in saline soils of tropics and subtropical semiarid areas Need to Know: Chenopodium Atriplex Beta Spinacia |
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"The Cucumber Family" Herbs or soft woody climbing plants with spiral tendrils leaves alternate, mostly palmately veined, lobed, or compound Floral Characteristics: flowers regular, unisexual (monoecious or dioecious) inflorescence of solitary flowers or flowers in aximallary cymes, racemes, or panicles K 5 distict or connate C5 white or yellow connate A 5 filaments distinct or connate, adnate toward the base of the hypanthium G cmpd of 3 united carpels, locules 1-3, ovules many and bornes on enlarged parietals or axile placentas, ovary inferior Genera: 90-120 Species: 700-735 Not huge, but important economically Subtropical and tropical; some in dry areas Need to Know: Cucurbita Luffa |
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" The Sedge Family" grass-like vegetative growth, but sedges typically have leaves that are 3 ranked and triangular stems flowers unique, mostly perfect with 3 or 6 stamens and a superior ovary of 2 to 3 united parts with a single style and 2 or 3 stigmas. Each flower subtended by a small bract called a scale. Flowers usually aggregated into clusters called spikes Flowers in the largest genus ( Carex) have imperfect flowers (usually monoecious plants) with the ovary and the style enclosed in a sac called a perigynium Genera: 80 Species: 6000 Need to Know: Carex Scirpus Eleocharis Eriophorum |
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Ericaceae [image][image] |
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"The Heath Family" shrubs, subshrubs, perennial herbs, (trees, vines) leaves alternate, often leathery and evergreen found on acidic soils K 4-5 united C 4-5 united often urn or bell shaped A = 2X # petals, opening by pores, with tails G of 4-5 united; superior or inferior Genera: 50-80 Species: 1300- 2500 Found in temperate regions in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres Need to Know: Vaccinium Gaultheria Rhododendron |
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blueberry, cranberry Ericaceae |
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azalea and rhododendron Ericaceae |
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found in the Old World Unisexual flower, infl is flower-like mostly monoecious; flowers in highly reduced in groups that look like flowers *latex- milky juice often succulent Genera: 290 Species: 750 (very large) Need to Know: Ricinus Poinsettia Hevea |
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Castor bean Euphorbiaceae |
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" The Pea Family" important to economy and agriculture trees, shrubs, herbs, vines *may have nitrogen-fixing nodules leaves alt., often pinnately cmpd, but may be simple stipules often present flowers perfect, both regular ( actinomorphic) and irregular ( zygomorphic) fruit a legume or a loment This family is separated into three sub-families: Mimosoidae, Caesalpiniodeae, Faboidae |
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Part of Fabaceae Trees and shrubs usually bi-pinnate leaves flowers small and regular, cluster of flowers showy K5 C5 A- many, often elongated and showy G 1 Genera: 55 Species: 3000 Need to Know: Acacia |
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many are poisonous herbs, shrubs, trees leaves alternate and bipinnate to pinnate or simple Flowers large or small, regular or irregular mostly fused, unsymmetrical petals most flowers occur at the tips of branches K5 C5 A 10 G1 Genera: 150 Species: 2200-3000 Need to Know: Gleditsia |
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largest, most typically found typical " pea flowers" flowers have 2 wings, a banner, and a keel fruit: one carpel, superior K5 C5 A 10 (9 +1) united by filaments G1 Genera: 440 Species: 12,000 Need to Know: Astragullus Trifolium Phaseolus Arachis Glycine Pisum Medicago Melilotus Lens |
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" The Beech Family" Flowers small, unisexual (plants monoecious), apetalous Male flowers often in heads or catkins Female flowers with a basal involucre ( head of acorn) Alternate leaves; a few are not deciduous Genera: 7 Species: 1000 North Temperate Need to Know: Quercus Fagus Castanea |
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grass-like in vegetative growth but a small, lily-like flower 6 small, brown tepals 6 stamens ovary jof 3 united carpels, superior Genera: 9 Species: 400 Need to Know: Juncus |
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| A division of the perianth of a flower having a virtually indistinguishable calyx and corolla, as in tulips and lilies |
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" The Mint Family" *square stems and opposite leaves herbs or shrubs, often with hairs and aromatic glands (glands on leaves) flowers in whorls or they are axilliary Floral Characteristics: Flowers perfect, superior; occur in dense heads, irregular, bilabiate K 5 united @ base, often persistent in fruit C 5 united, irregular (zygomorphic), 2-lipped A 2 or 2+2 , filaments distinct or didymous and epipetalous G of 2 united carpels, 4-lobed, 4 locules ovary superior; flowers 2-lobed Genera: 200 Species: 3000-3200 Cosmopolitan, but centered in the Mediterranean; found also in fire-adapted areas b/c can withstand burning Need to Know: Nepeta Mentha Lycopus Prunella Lavandula |
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Heal-all/ Self-heal Lamiaceae |
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" The Lily Family" herbs, perennial: bulbs, corms ( underground stems), or rhizomes (these are the parts that are perennial; above ground parts are annual) Monocots Flowers are often showy and diverse Regular, perfect, ovary superior or inferior K 3 C 3 (often with 6 tepals in an inner and outer whorl) A 6 G3 united parts (usually superior) Genera: 280 Species: 4000 Need to know: Asparagus Allium Amaryllis Trillium Narcissus Smilacina |
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False Solomon's Seal Liliaceae |
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herbs, shrubs, small trees leaves simple, alternate, often with stellate pubescence K of 5 parts, often united at base, often 2 bracts below the calyx C of 5 parts, usually distinct but may be connected to the filament tube A many with united filaments G united and hypogenous with 2- many united carpels Genera: 75-80 Species: 1-1.5 K Cosmopolitan, but best developed in the South American tropics Need to Know: Hibiscus Abutilon |
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"The Water Lily Family" herb, aquatic perennial from stout rhizome floating leaf perennials leaves cordate to orbicular with long petioles from a rhizome flowers large and showy regular, perfect, hypogynous, solitary K 4-many C 8-many commonly passing to stamens A many G 3-many united carpels Genera: 5 Species: 50 Cosmopolitan |
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herbs or shrubs leaves simple, alternate and opposite, and whorled flowers regular, perfect epigynous with a prominent colored hypanthium K 4 C 4 A 8 G 4 united Often seeds with hairs Genera: 17-18 Species: 640-700 Cosmopolitan, diverse in western N. America |
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| The ringlike, cup-shaped, or tubular structure of a flower on which the sepals, petals, and stamens are borne, as in the flowers of the rose or cherry |
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"The Orchid Family" herbs terrestrial or epiphytic, perennial sometimes saprophytic ( a couple of underground species) leaves alternate or basal; sometimes only scales leaves frequently fleshy and attached to an enlarged/swollen stem flowers irregular, perfect epigynous infl of a solitary flower or flowers in panicle, raceme, or spike Monocots K3 distinct or connate, green or petal-like C3 distinct or connate, 2 similar with the median one very different middle called labellum or lip often with a nectar appendage, sac or spur attached A : stamens 1 or 2 adnate completely to style, forming a massive structure called a column Pollen united into 1-8 waxes masses called pollinia, the pollinia are often hidden behind a cap-like sterile lobe of the stigma, called a rostellum G: compound of 3 united carpels locules 1 or 3 some flowers turn upside down during development Style 1 seeds timy with no endosperm- fungi important to germination Largest Family of Flowering Plants Genera: 750- 1000 Species: 18-20 K Tropical in general NY has ~50 species, primarily in bogs Need to Know: Cypripedium Habenaria |
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Pink Lady Slippers Orchidaceae |
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# of species in bogs Orchidaceae |
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grass-like flowers unique, mostly perfect with 3 stamens and a superior ovary with two feathery stigmas. Flowers subtended by two bracts called a palea and lemma which enclose the flower except during times of pollination. Flowers are usually aggregated into clusters of 1 to many flowers; the aggregate is called a spikelet and is subtended by two bracts called glumes Genera: 650 Species: 10,000 Need to Know: Poa Triticum Avena Oryza Phragmites Digitaria |
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"The Buttercup Family" Herbs, soft woody shrubs or small trees leaves are alternate, no stipules flowers are regular (usually), perfect (usually) perianth (5)- distinct, variable in number, petal-like and not differentiated into a calyx and corolla (calyx may look like corolla) Stamens: many *filaments distinct and spirally arranged* Pistil: simple of 3- many individual carpels spirally arranged (Spiral is a primitive floral feature) Genera: 50 Species: 2000 Cooler temperate regions of N. hemisphere Need to Know: Aquilegia Delphinium Ranunculus Actea |
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Lark's Spur Ranunculaceae |
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baneberry/ doll's eyes Ranunculaceae |
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"The Rose Family" trees, shrubs, herbs leaves alternate, simple or cmpd stipules (2 leaf-like bracts @ base of leaf) usually present flowers regular and perfect Floral Characteristics: K 5 (sometimes subtended by an " epicalyx of 5 parts) C5 A many, often emerging from a hypanthium G various Genera: 100 + Species: 3-4 K Found primarily in Temperate Regions Subfamilies: Rosoideae Spiraeoideae Prunoideae Maloideae |
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hypanthium gynoecium apocarpous ( made of many separate simple carpels/fruits) ovary superior, carpels many Need to Know: Rosa Rubus Geum Fragraria |
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no stipules hypanthium gynoecium apocarpous,superior, carpels 2-5 |
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shrubs and trees; single pistil; develops into stone fruit hypanthium gynoecium unicapellate (rarely 2-5), superior Need to Know: Prunus |
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gynoecium syncarpous, inferior, carpels 2-5 Need to Know: Malus Pyrus Crataegus |
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"The Madder Family" herbs, shrubs, trees, vines, epiphytes leaves opp/whorled Flowers: perfect, epigynous (inferior) K 4-5 C 4-5 united A 4-5 adnate (fused to) the corolla G2 united, inferior Genera: 650 Species: 10,000 World Wide, mostly in tropical and subtropical areas Need to Know: Galium (Bedstraw)
Coffea arabica Cinchona |
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herbs, perennial, lvs alt ( some are opp or basal), simple with no stipules Sometimes have interesting hairs on leaves Flowers regular, perfect, perigynous to epigynous, hypanthium well developed inflorescence of various types: K 5 often as hypanthium lobes C 5 small alt, the sepals sometimes clawed or cleft A : usually 2X the # of pteals & in 2 whorls, filaments distinct Pistil cmpd of 2-4 united carpels Locules 2-5 Genera: 40 Species: 700 Cosmopolitan, but primarily arctic borea and mountains of Northern Hemisphere Need to Know: Saxifraga |
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"The Willow/Poplar Family" trees and shrubs leaves alternate flowers imperfect, plants dioecious in catkins, subtended by small bracts, appearing early K 0 A 2-many filaments distinct or connate at base G 2-4, superior ovary Fruit is a capsule, seeds small and many Wind dispersed by long hairs Small Genera: 4 Species: 350 Found in N. Temperate regions Need to Know: Salix Populis |
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"The Snapdragon Family" This is a common family in both gardens and in the wild. Many of the flowers are quite showy and easily recognized. Herbs and shrubs; some are semiparasitic Leaves are deciduous and evergreen, alt and opp (mostly opp) Flowers usually irregular, perfect, hypogynous (superior) K: 4-5 C: 4-5, irregular, united, often with a sac or spur (often a top and bottom to them) Anthers: 4 attached to the petals (epipetalous) 2 united carpels Genera: 190-200 Species: 3-4 K Cosmopolitan, mainly in temperate and mountain climates Need to Know: Verbascum Veronica Linaria Antirhinum |
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Adam and Eve's Wooly Underwear/ Mullein Scrophulariaceae |
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speedwell Scrophulariaceae |
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Butter and Eggs Scrophulariaceae |
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Snapdragon Scrophulariaceae |
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" The Potato Family" herbs (mostly), shrubs, small trees and vines leaves alternate Flowers perfect, regular, ovary superior K5 united at the base, often persistant in fruit C5 united (most of the way) A5 epipetalous (connate, attached to petals) 2 united carpels, single style and stigma Important for cultivated species, spices, medicines, poisons, and ornamentals Genera: 90 Species: 3000 Cosmopolitan, but particularly common in Australia, South and Central America Need to Know: Solanum Capsicum Lycopersicon Nicotiana Petunia Datura |
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Potato and Nightshade Solanaceae |
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" The Ginger Family" herbs, perennial with aromatic oils 2-ranked leaves Flowers often showy, irregular, perfect epigynous (inferior) with each flower subtended by a sheathing bract that may be showy Genera: 45-50 Species: 1000-1300 (Medium) Found in the Tropics of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Need to Know: Zingiber officinale Curcuma domestica Elattaria cardomomum |
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Ginger root Zingiberaceae |
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