Term
| mostly cellulose; provides structure, strength, and protection; "glues" adjacent plant cells together |
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Definition
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| chain of polymer of glucose |
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Definition
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Term
| made up of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins; regulates movement of material in and out of cell, provides some protection, synthesizes with the cell wall |
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Definition
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| surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope; stores genetic material; controls all cellular activities; creates ribosomes in the nucleolus |
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| syrupy fluid, mostly water; also includes proteins, organelles, and lipids |
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Definition
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| unique to plant cells, surrounded by double membrane; types: chloroplast, chromoplast, leucoplast, mitochondrion |
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Definition
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Term
| contains chlorophyll and does photosynthesis; the food producer of the cell |
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Definition
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| stores pigments, especially cerotenoids; found in flowers and fruits |
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Term
| stores oils and starches; contains no pigment; found in roots |
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| surrounded by double membrane; site of cell respiration; considered the "powerhouse of the plant cell" |
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Definition
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Term
| unique to plants; large and central, surrounded by a single membrane; filled with "cell sap"; stores waste, nutrients, and pigments; is involved in cell strength; provides internal pressure which maintains rigidity |
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Definition
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Term
| organelle responsible for protein synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| membrane network in cytoplasm; produces membrane, transports lipids and proteins, synthesizes lipids and proteins |
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Definition
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
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Term
| membrane system; "packages" materials for secretion |
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Definition
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| organelle often associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER), spherical, membrane-bound sack; involved in photorespiration in plants |
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Definition
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| complex network of protein filaments; runs throughout cytoplasm; moves chromosomes and organelles; helps in cell growth, and cell division |
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Definition
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Term
| type of filament that is a polymer of tubulin, forms spindle during mitosis/meiosis; participates in cell wall formation and cell plate formation |
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Definition
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Term
| type of filament that is a polymer of actin; aids cell wall formation, organelle movement, and secretion of materials |
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Definition
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Term
| cellulose molecules bundled together |
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Definition
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Term
| form framework of cell wall filled in with other polysaccharides and proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two main parts of a green alga, and what are their respective functions? |
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Definition
holdfast: anchorage
body: does photosynthesis; takes up light, water, mineral nutrients, and carbon dioxide |
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Term
| provide anchorage and absorb water and mineral nutrients |
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Definition
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Term
| flattened photosynthetic structure that contains vascular tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| transports water, minerals (xylem), and sugars (phloem) |
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Definition
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Term
| waxy coating on plant surface that prevents desiccation and is impermeable to gases |
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Definition
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Term
| facilitate gas exchange, allow carbon dioxide to enter the plant, can open and close at will |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the key features of initial plant "invaders" on land? |
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Definition
| cuticle, epidermal pores, protective structures for gametes |
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Term
| found in club mosses and horsetails; tiny leaf with a single strand of vascular tissue |
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Definition
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| What is the hypothesis for how roots evolved? |
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Definition
| A branch found its way into the soil and adapted to the different selective pressures. |
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Term
| larger leaves with a complex system of veins found in all seed plants; evolved from flattened, reduced branch system that developed photosynthetic tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| In all tracheophytes, the sporophyte/gametophyte generation is dominant. |
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