Term
| __________ is the production of seeds and fruits without sexual reproduction (asexual reproduction). |
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Definition
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Term
The plant body is organized into a __________ __________ and __________ __________.
In vascular plants tissues are organized into three tissue systems: __________, __________, and __________ tissue, each which extends throughout the plant body. |
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Definition
1) Root System
2) Shoot System
3) Ground
4) Vascular
5) Dermal |
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Term
| What is the function of the root system? |
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Definition
| 1) To provide water and minerals to the plant body. |
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Term
| What is the function of the shoot system? |
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Definition
| 1) To provide sugar and food to the plant through photosynthesis |
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Term
__________ are the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds (__________) used by the cell.
__________ develop from an undifferentiated plastid.
All algae and plant cells have __________ but not all cells have __________.
All plastid types are __________. |
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Definition
1) Plastids
2) Starch
3) Chloroplasts
4) Plastids
5) Chloroplasts
6) Interchangeable |
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Term
| __________ are storage plastids. They are common in__________. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ contain pigments that give flowers and fruits their characteristic colors. |
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Definition
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Term
| A potato is full of amyloplasts and if you leave a potato in the sun it turns green; why? |
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Definition
| As all plastids are interchangeable the amyloplasts have the ability to alter to a chloroplast. |
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Term
In plants, vacuoles act like __________ because they possess __________ enzymes that break down organic molecules.
In a young growing cell the cells in the __________ attract water and the cell becomes __________ as the cell wall resists hydraulic pressure; this leads the cell to increase in size.
The vacuole is responsible for __________ of the cell's volume. |
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Definition
1) Lysosomes
2) Hydrolytic
3) Tonoplast
4) Turgid
5) 80% |
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Term
Plants involved in __________, __________ and __________ have a secondary cell wall.
After a cell stops growing it sometimes secretes the secondary cell wall between the __________ __________ and the __________ __________ __________.
The secondary cell wall is composed of interlaced __________ microfibrils connected together by __________ which allows plants to become tall; makes wood strong.
Secondary cell wall is __________ (reversibly stretched)
Cells involved in support, protection, and transport of water are __________ at functional maturity (no cytoplasm, no metabolism). |
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Definition
1) Support
2) Protection
3) Transport
4) Plasma membrane
5) Primary cell wall
6) Cellulose
7) Lignin
8) Elastic
9) Dead |
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Term
Parenchyma cells are primarily __________ and __________.
They have a __________ primary cell wall and no __________ __________ __________.
Parenchyma cells are __________ and actively metabolizing at functional maturity.
They are most __________ and found throughout the plant body.
Parenchyma cells function in __________, __________, and__________.
Parenchyma cells are able to __________ into other cell types if necessary. |
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Definition
1) Large
2) Round
3) Thin
4) Secondary cell wall
5) Alive
6) Common
7) Storage
8) Secretion
9) Photosynthesis
10) Differentiate |
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Term
Collenchyma cells are usually __________ and are __________ at maturity.
The primary cell wall is __________ __________ and they have no __________ __________ __________.
Collenchyma cells are extremely __________ (characteristic) so they function in much of the support of soft, non-woody plant organs.
Collenchyma cells are often long strands near __________ surfaces and along leaves. |
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Definition
1) Elongated
2) Alive
3) Unevenly thickened
4) Secondary cell walls
5) Flexible
6) Stem |
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Term
Sclerenchyma cells have both __________ and __________ cell walls.
At functional maturity, sclerenchyma cells are involved in providing __________ and __________; however, the cells are __________.
The secondary cell wall of sclerenchyma cells is so __________ that nutrients cannot enter and wastes cannot exit, leading to a ceasing of metabolism.
Sclerenchyma cells are composed of __________ and __________. |
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Definition
1) Primary
2) Secondary
3) Support
4) Strength (protection)
5) Dead
6) Thick
7) Fibers
8) Sclerids |
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Term
Fibers are long and tapered __________ cells which occur in __________ or clumps.
Fibers are abundant in the __________ and inner bark of flowering plants
Sclerids are __________, __________, or irregular sclerenchyma cells.
Sclerids have extremely thick __________ cell walls.
The primary function of sclerids is to provide protection not __________.
Sclerids are the main component of the __________ of nuts and __________ of fruits. |
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Definition
1) Sclerenchyma
2) Patches
3) Wood
4) Short
5) Cubical
6) Secondary
7) Support
8) shells
9) Pits |
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Term
| __________ are dead at maturity. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ are able to differentiate into other types of cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ provide flexible structural support. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ are usually elongated at living maturity. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ are relatively large and round. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ function mainly in storage, secretion, and photosynthesis. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ have both primary and secondary cell walls. |
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Definition
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Term
Xylem is a component of the __________ tissue system which conducts __________ and dissolved nutrient __________ from the roots to the stems and leaves and also provides structural support.
Xylem is composed of __________, __________ __________, xylem __________ cells, and __________. |
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Definition
1) Vascular
2) Water
3) Minerals
4) Tracheids
5) Vessel elements
6) Parenchyma
7) Fibers |
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Term
Tracheids are an element of __________ that is __________ and tapering, as water is conducted upwards passing from one tracheid to another through __________.
Pits are not complete opening and do not have a __________ cell wall but the __________ cell wall (minus hemicellulose and pectin) is still in place.
Tracheids are __________ at functional maturity.
__________ and __________ have tracheids as their only water conducting cells.
Tracheids are evolutionary old, as the provide a __________ but safe mechanism of water transport. |
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Definition
1) Xylem
2) Long
3) Pits
4) Secondary
5) Primary
6) Dead
7) Ferns and gymnosperms
8) Slow |
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Term
Vessel elements are a component of __________ that are extremely efficient as they are more evolutionary advanced.
Vessel elements are found only in __________.
The __________ of vessel elements is larger; however, it is shorter is __________.
Vessel elements are __________ at functional maturity.
The end walls have __________ which allow water to move more freely.
Vessel elements also have pits in the sidewalls that allow __________ transport between adjacent vessels. |
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Definition
1) Xylem
2) Angiosperms
3) Diameter
4) Length
5) Dead
6) Perforations
7) Lateral |
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Term
Phloem is a component of the __________ tissue system which conducts __________ materials formed in photosynthesis throughout the plant and provides structural support.
Phloem is composed of __________ __________ __________, __________ cells, phloem __________ cells, and __________. |
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Definition
1) Vascular
2) Food
3) Sieve tube elements
4) Companion
5) Parenchyma
6) Fibers |
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Term
Sieve tube members are an element of __________ which transport __________ dissolved in water.
The cell end walls of sieve tube elements are called __________ __________ and have a series of holes through which the cytoplasm extends from one sieve tube member to the next.
Sieve tube members are __________ at functional maturity; however, their cytoplasm lack many __________.
Sieve tube elements have a __________ __________, some plastids (no __________) and an endoplasmic reticulum, but do not have nuclei, ribosomes, mitochondria, or vacuoles. |
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Definition
1) Phloem
2) Sugars
3) Sieve plates
4) Alive
5) Organelles
6) Cell membrane
7) Chloroplasts |
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Term
The companion cell is an element of __________ which is adjacent to each __________ __________ __________.
Living cells have complete organelles and are very metabolic, helping to load __________ of sugar into the sieve tube.
The __________ of companion cells is believed to be direct the activity of companion cells in addition to sieve tube elements.
Numerous cytoplasmic extensions (__________) exist between the companion cells and sieve tube elements. |
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Definition
1) Phloem
2) Sieve tube element
3) 20% (1/5)
4) Nucleus
5) Plasmodesata |
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Term
Xylem is composed of all the following except:
a. Tracheids
b. Vessel elements
c. Fibers
d. Parenchyma |
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Definition
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Term
Which cell does not belong in this group
a. Fiber
b. Sclerid
c. Tracheid
d. Vessel elements
e. Collenchyma |
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Definition
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Term
The epidermis covers the __________ plant body; in addition, the aerial parts secrete a __________ (covering) and have stomata.
The epidermis consists of __________ and __________ cells, and __________. |
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Definition
1) Herbaceous
2) Cuticle
3) Epidermal
4) Guard
5) Trichomes |
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Term
| The periderm covers the __________ parts of the plant body and consists of the __________ , __________ __________ , and __________ parenchyma cells |
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Definition
1) Woody
2) Cork
3) Cork cambium
4) Cork |
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Term
In primary growth, there is an increase in the stem or root __________ and it occurs throughout the life span of all plants.
__________ __________ localized at the tips of roots and shoots within the buds of stems also experience growth. |
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Definition
1) Length
2) Apical meristem |
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Term
In secondary growth, there is an increase in the __________ of the stem or root, and it typically occurs in long cylinders of __________ cells throughout the length of older stems and roots.
__________ __________ includes the vascular cambium and cork cambium. |
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Definition
1) Thickness
2) Meristematic
3) Lateral meristems |
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