Term
| composition of dry matter |
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Definition
carbon 43%
oxygen 44%
hydrogen 6%
ash elements 5%
others N S P 2% |
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Term
| Development of the essential element theory |
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Definition
Aristotle
Van Helmont
John Woodward
Nicolas De Saussure
Justus Von Hiebig
Sachs, Knop, and Noble |
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Term
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Definition
| developed the Humus Theory- plants are made of soil |
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Term
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Definition
| placed 5lb willow tree in a tub of 200 lbs soil; grew for 5 years; added only rain water; at end of 5 years, willow weighed 169 lb, soil weighed 199.14 lbs; concluded 1) plants are not made of soil 2) plants are made of H2O |
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Definition
| grew spearmint sprigs in different solutions for 72 days: 1) rain water inc. weight 17.5 grams 2) thames river water inc. weight 26 grams 3) hyde park sewer water inc. 139 grams 4) HPSW+soil inc. 284 grams; conclusion 1) rate of growth was dependent on dissolved substances in the water 2) plants composed of water and "earthly substances of unknown origin" |
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Term
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Definition
| published "chemical researches on plants"; concluded 1) CO2 from air was needed 2) plants required N+K 3) accurate account for plant analysis 4) stated the "law of the minimum" 5) H, O, C, N, K essential elements |
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Term
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Definition
claimed Law of the Minimum; applied first "complete fertilizer"= NPK
----> H, O, C, N, K, P |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) worked independently 2) developed hydroponics as a research tool 3) extended the element list ---> CHONPK+Ca+S+Mg+Fe |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| 1) E must be indispensable for completing of the life cycle of the plant 2) requirement must be specific E; it cannot be replaced or substituted for by another E 3) E must be acting directly inside the plant |
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Term
| Methods for establishing Essentiality of an E: Method of Omission |
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Definition
| Grow plant without the E (hydroponics!!!); Difficulties 1)purification of water 2)salt purification 3) seed content |
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Term
| Methods for establishing Essentiality of an E: "Ultimate Analysis" |
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Definition
| E is always present in the tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) proteins- amino acids 2) purins and pyrimidines- nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids- DNA+RNA |
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Term
| Nitrogen Deficiency Functions |
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Definition
| 1) overall stunted plant growth 2) yellowing leading to abscission |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1) nucleic acids 2) phospholipids of the membrane |
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Term
| Phosphorus Deficiency Functions |
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Definition
| 1) stunted appearance 2) purple or red anthocyanins produced- rosey appearance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1) calcium pectate of middle lamella (sticks cells together like elmers glue) 2) necessary for spindle formation in mitosis |
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Term
| Calcium Deficiency symptoms |
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Definition
| 1) meristem regions die 2) short, stubby brown roots |
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Term
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Definition
| Immobile (most immobile of all elements) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| cation exchange capacity definition |
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Definition
| is the total capacity of a soil to hold exchangeable cation |
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Term
| biological membrane composed of what? |
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Definition
1) bilayer of phospholipids
2) protein |
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Term
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Definition
| no energy is required; moving from high concentration to low concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| metabolic energy (ATP) required; moving from low concentration to high concentration |
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