Term
| what % of plants have mycorhizzae? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of mycorhizzae commonly seen in Pines and Beeches? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does the Hartig Net extend? |
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Definition
| into the apoplastic spaces between cells |
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Term
| what do mycorhizzae do for plants? |
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Definition
| increased uptake of phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium |
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Term
| what do mycorhizzae get from the plant? |
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Definition
| carbohydrates, sugars from root |
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Term
| how much increased growth in pines is attributed to ectomycorhizzae? |
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Definition
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Term
| what zone is expanded when mycorhizzae are present on roots? |
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Definition
| the nutrient depletion zone |
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Term
| what type of mycorhizzae is found in every angiosperm family and some gymnosperms but not in pines? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the most common type of endomycorhizzae? |
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Definition
| vessicular arbuscular mycorhizzae (VAM) |
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Term
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Definition
| highly branched tree-like structures on VAM endomycorhizzae |
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Term
| when might mycorhizzae be a burden on a plant? |
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Definition
| if phosphorus is not deficient already in the soil |
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Term
| where are casparian strips found? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the difference between apoplastic and symplastic routes of transport? |
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Definition
apoplastic - between cells
symplastic - thru cell membranes or thru plasmodesmata |
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Term
| how do caspatian strips force symplastic transport? |
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Definition
| 4 of 6 cell walls have suberin that blocks water. water forced through in one direction |
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Term
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Definition
| periodic cells in endodermis that do not have casparian strips. allow apoplastic transport into vasc.tissue |
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Term
| what are the three types of proteins? |
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Definition
1.catalytic (enzymes)
2.channel proteins/solute channels/permeases
3.carrier proteins/proteinaceous carriers |
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Term
| what is an example of an ion pump? what kind of protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| what ions travel by specific permeases in plant cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do ions travel across proteinaceous carriers? |
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Definition
| combine with solute, change evoked in protein that carriers solute to other side, protein returns to normal |
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Term
| what is an example of a compound transported by carrier proteins in plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is associated with a glycoprotein that allows it to recognize certain molecules? |
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Definition
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Term
| what term describes molecules with a hydrophobic and hydrophilic region? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are two types of passive transport? |
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Definition
1. simple diffusion
2. facilitated diffusion |
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Term
| what proteins operate by passive transport? |
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Definition
carrier proteins
channel proteins |
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Term
| what channels does water use to cross membrane during diffusion? |
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Definition
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Term
| what types of molecules pass more easily thru the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
small molecules (H20, N2, O2, CO2)
hydrophobic, non-polar, lipid soluble molecules |
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Term
| what is more hydrophobic, a protonated or non-protonated carboxyl?? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is more likely to pass a cell membrane, a protonated or non-protonated carboxyl? |
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Definition
| protonated - more hydrophobic |
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Term
| how does pH affect membrane permeability? |
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Definition
| protonated or non-protonated forms of molecules may be more or less likely ot pass |
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Term
| does IAA pass thru membranes better at slightly high or slightly low pH? |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens to IAA in very acidic environments? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do hydrophillic molecules pass thru membranes? |
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Definition
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Term
| why is it hard for hydrophillic molecules to pass thru membrane? |
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Definition
| bind with water molecules forming large hydration spheres. - large molecules |
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Term
| what is an example of an ion that forms a hydration sphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 2 factors determine the rate of movement across a membrane for a non-charged particle? |
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Definition
permeability coefficient
chemical potential |
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Term
| what determines the chemical potential of a particle? |
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Definition
| the relative concentrations of the particle on either side of a membrane |
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Term
| what factors determine the rate of movement across a membrane for a charged particle? |
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Definition
permeability coefficient
chemical potential
electrical potential |
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Term
| what is the charge of the cytosol? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the diff. in electrical potential across the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| what ions tend to be in the cell wall region? |
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Definition
| positive ions (Na+, H+, Ca2+) |
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Term
| why is the cytosol negatively charged? |
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Definition
| 100X more H+ in cell wall region than in cytosol b/c of ATPase pumps |
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Term
| what is the pH of the cytosol? vacuole? cell wall region? |
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Definition
cytosol - 7
vacuole and cell wall - 5 |
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Term
| how does symport transportaton work? |
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Definition
| H+ pumped out of cytosol, binds with molecule, negative charge in cytosol pulls bound particle back through |
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Term
| what is an example of symport? |
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Definition
| sucrose-proton cotransport |
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Term
| what moves passively in sucrose - proton cotransport? actively? |
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Definition
passive - H+ into cytosol
active - sucrose into cytosol |
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Term
| what 2 transportation differentials are created are caused by ATPases? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what describes the active transport of cations across the cell wall counter to the H+ moving out? |
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Definition
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