Term
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Definition
Characteristics: thin-walled cells, living cells
Function: specialized for photosynthesis in Elodea
specialized in storage of food and water in Helianthus
specialized for storage of food in potato |
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Term
| Summarize the characteristics of a Parenchyma Cell in Elodea |
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Definition
- The Parenchyma is specialized for photosynthesis in Elodea
- Numerous small, green organelles are called the chloroplasts
- The moving cells are going through a process of cytoplasmic streaming.
- In the vacuole of cell there is an outward pressure which helps maintain shape of the cell. It is the turgor pressure. |
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Term
| Summarize the characteristics of a Parenchyma Cell in Sunflower Stem (Helianthus) |
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Definition
- thin walled cells with intercellular spaces
- Some are filled with blue-stained protoplasm and a nucleus. These cells store food and water. |
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Term
| Summarize the characteristics of a Parenchyma Cell in a Potato |
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Definition
- Contains parenchyma cells that store food
- Potatoes can be stained by iodine to show starch.
- The starch is contained with an organelle called amyloplast. (a plastid) |
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Term
| Summarize the characteristics of a Parenchyma Cell in Pelargonium (Geranium) petals |
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Definition
- Cells are filled entirely of a vacuole, which contains a water soluble pink pigment.
- Contains "stitches" along the edges of adjacent cells called plasmodesmata (strands of protoplasm) |
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Term
| Summarize characteristics of Collenchyma Cells in general |
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Definition
- provide flexible support to young stems and leaves
- have unevenly thickened cell walls, and are elongate. |
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Term
| Summarize the characteristics of a Collenchyma Cell in Celery Petiole |
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Definition
-Celery "strings" are strands of collenchyma that provides support.
- In cross-section, unevenly thickened walls beneath the epidermis are Collenchyma cells |
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Term
| Summarize the characteristic of a Collenchyma Cell in a Sunflower Stem. |
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Definition
-Their unevenly-thickened walls are stained red.
-In three dimensions, they form a cylinder for support of a sunflower stem |
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Term
| Summarize Characteristics of Sclerenchyma Cells in general |
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Definition
- provide more rigid support than collenchyma cells
- very thick, tough secondary walls, and dead at maturity
- There are two types
* Sclereids more or less isodiometric (in nuts, pears)
* Fibers are long and tapered, and abundant in leaves
and also abundant in the sugar conducting tissue, the
phloem |
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Term
| Summarize the characteristics of Sclerenchyma in a Pear |
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Definition
- Contains sclereids, the isodiametric type of sclerenchyma
- Looks like dark areas under a microscope.
- The center of the sclereid consist of a empty space called lumen, which contained protoplasm.
- Sclereids also have thick secondary walls with pits. |
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Term
| Summarize the characteristics of Sclerenchyma in Basswood |
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Definition
- Contains fiber
- provides support in tissues of stems, roots, and leaves
- Dead at maturity, stained red, Long skinny structures. |
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Term
| Name the Water-Conducting Cells of the Xylem |
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Definition
- Tracheids
- Vessel Elements
- Both are dead at maturity |
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Term
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Definition
- Coniferous wood contains no vessel elements; tracheids are the major water-conducting cells of the xylem.
- Longitudinal section that goes through the center of the stem.
- Long and thin, tapered at the ends, with numerous pits. |
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Term
| Name the sugar conducting cells of the Phloem |
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Definition
- Sieve-Tube Element
- Companion Cell
- living at maturity |
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Term
| Sieve-Tube Elements and Companion Cells in Squash |
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Definition
- The squash contains both sieve-tube elements and companion cells
- The dark substance is where the sieve-plates are located. (at the ends of sieve-tube elements) Shuts off sieve tube when it's injured. |
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Term
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Definition
- The Shoot Apical Meristem is located at the very tip of the shoot, just beneath a single layer of cells. Ultimate source cell.
- Produces three tissue systems (dermal, vascular, and ground)
- Contains primordia, leaves in their initial stage of growth. |
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Term
| Eudicot Stem at End of Primary Growth (height growth) |
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Definition
- The outermost layer of cells is the epidermis.
- Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring
- The tissue in the center is ground tissue called the pith
- The tissue between the vascular bundles and the epidermis is ground tissue called the cortex.
- In a vascular bundle the thick-walled, red stained cells are the vessel elements of the xylem. Tracheid, parenchyma, and fibers may also be present.
- The Blue stained part is the phloem and is composed of sieve tube elements and companion cells.
- Separating the xylem and phloem is a layer of cells called the vascular cambium, which can become active and produce new cells associated with secondary growth |
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Term
| Eudicot Stem after Secondary Growth (1-3 Years of Sec Growth) |
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Definition
- The outermost layer is composed of cork cells, which have replaced the epidermis (Basswood slide)
- The Cork Cambium is just inside the cork. The lateral meristem produces the cork cells to the outside of parenchyma
- The cork cambium and the cells it produces collectively make up the periderm ("outer bark")
- Inside the periderm is the cortex
- To the inside of the cortex are triangular-shaped areas(phloem rays) containing secondary phloem with layer of fiber cells.
-To the inside of the phloem is secondary xylem ("wood").
- The vascular cambium is a meristematic layer between secondary phloem and xylem.
- The pith and tiny patches of primary xylem are found in the center of the stem. |
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Term
| Eudicot Stem after Many Years of Secondary Growth |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Plants that grow in deserts
Example: Cactus |
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Term
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Definition
| Plants that grow in a moist environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| - Plants that grow in wet environments (Lakes and Streams). |
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Term
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Definition
- Stomata are tiny pores located in the epidermis. It is through the stomata that carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis enters and oxygen exits.
- Evaporation of water through stoma is called transpiration, provides a "pulling" force for the movement of water from roots to stems to leaves
- Each stoma is opened and closed by a pair of guard cells. This allows uptake of Carbon dioxide while retaining as much water as possible |
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Term
| Leaf Anatomy of a Mesophytic Eudicot |
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Definition
- Reference Syringa leaf slide
- The upper surface of the leaf is the upper epidermis and the lower surface is the lower epidermis.
- A cuticle covers both upper and lower epidermis.
- Mesophyll tissue located between upper and lower is composed of parenchyma cells
* The narrow, vertical cells oriented at a right angle to the upper surface are the palisade mesophyll.
* The irregular- shaped cells below intercellular air spaces are spongy mesophyll.
- Located within the mesophyll are veins, or vascular bundles, composed of xylem and phloem.
- Veins are surrounded by a bundle sheath of parenchyma
- The lower epidermis contains stoma with pairs of guard cells. |
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Term
| Leaf Anatomy of a Xerophytic Eudicot |
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Definition
- Reference Oleander
-The upper epidermis and lower epidermis are multi-layered.
- The stomata are located on the epidermal surface that lines "crypts" or chambers that extend into the mesophyll.
- Trichomes (hairs) extend into the crypts. Water transpires through stomata and gets trapped in crypt and can diffuse back into the leaf. |
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