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| refers to the number of sets of homologous chromosomes in a cell |
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| Homologus cells (homologs) |
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| matching chromosomes from the two different sets; carry the genetic information that affects a characteristic or function of cell |
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| Unity of sperm and egg with one chromosome set from male and one from female; creates diploid cell (2n) |
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| Each contain one set of each of the chromosomes found in that particular species; |
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| one set of chromosomes contianed in gametes |
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| one sperm cell unites with two female polar bodies to create the endosperm |
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| cells that have three sets of chromosomes, two from the female parent's polar nuclei and one from the male parent's sperm (3n) |
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| has two copies of chromosome 1, two copies of chromosome 2, etc; actual number of chromosomes is then half "characteristic" number |
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| "Growth 1;" enlongation of certain cells |
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| Replication of chromosomes phase |
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| "growth 2"; maturation of cells/waiting for mitosis after synthesis |
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| 2 sets of chromosomes (1 from male, 1 from female) w/ 8 chromosomes per set |
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| 1st step of mitosis; chromotin begins to coil/condense; nuclear membrane disappears; spindle apparatus begins to appear |
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| Spindle grows and attaches to centromere; chromatids (sister chromosomes) move to metaphase plate (middle of cell) |
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| Chromatids seperate at centromeres; spindles pull in opposite direction; chromatids are chromosomes again |
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| Nuclear membrane froms around chromosomes; cell plate seperates daughter cells |
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| Cell walls seperate newly formed cells; chromosomes relax back into chromatin (unwind) |
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| 3 ways to understand mitosis: |
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1) DNA's completely replicated in S stage
2) DNA assembled w/ chromatin that can coil/uncoil so DNA doesn't break and remains organized
3) Are very orderly seperated in metaphase |
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