-Gametophytes

-Sperm from Antheridia fertilize egg in Archegonia

-Sporophyte grows out of a female gametophyte

-Spores are released from mature capsule in sporophyte

-Spores grow into filamentous protonema

-Young gametophytes grow from protonema

[Cycle continues]

-Mature sporophyte

-Clusters of spores called spori are produced on underside of fronds

-Spores released and grow into prothallia (the gametophyte)

-Sperm and anther fertilize eggs in prothallus

-Young sporophyte grows outta prothallus

-First fronds coiled

[Cycle continues]

-Mature tree has both male and female cones (pollen on male; small female cones form & egg development occurs in ovual)

-Male cones release pollen to wind; pollination occurs when it lands on sticky secretion of female cone

-12 to 15 months, fertilization is complete (after pollination)

-Fertilized egg develops seed

-Fall of 2nd year: mature cones released, seeds develop to saplings

[Cycle continues]

Flowering Plant (Seed plant)

Example: Lily

-Have both male anthers and female pistil (pollen develops from anthers on male; many ovuals develop from ovaries on female)

-Pollen from anthers transferred to sticky surface of stigma

-Pollen tube grows from pollen grain down in ovary

-Sperm from pollen fertilizes egg & polar nuclei in ovules; ovules develop into seed

-Seed germination

[Cycle continues]