Tsuga canadensis

(Common name: Eastern hemlock)

- Latin: "from Canada"

- Flat needles held in two-rank fashion, giving twigs a somewhat flat appearance. Needles green on top, having to white bands on underside. Needles are 0.3-0.75 inches long

- Woolly adelga parasite: from Asia, attack hemlock and they die within a year

- Pesticides used to attack woolly adelga causing colony collapse disorder

Pinus strobus

(Common name: Eastern white pine)

- Has needles grouped in five sets--5 needles per fascicle

- Tallest tree in N. America--200ft tall

- One of the causes of the American revolution: used as masts on British Royal Navy ships (the hulls of live oaks also used for ship building because they were so strong)

Hedera Helix

(Common name: English ivy)

- Winter evergreen

- Climbing plant

- Alternate leaves

- Palmately five-lobed

- small berries, seeds spread by birds

- Exotic invasive from Asia

Picea rubens

(Common name: Red spruce)

- Leaves are needle-like, yellow-green, 12–15 millimetres (0.47–0.59 in) long, four-sided, curved, with a sharp point, and extend from all sides of the twig

- Have small cones that hang down from the branches

- Grows at high altitudes in Appalachian Mts, seen at 5000 ft

- Seeds inside of cones are a favorite food of the red squirrel

Elaeagnus umbellata

(Common name: Autumn olive)

- Simple leaves

- Underside- little scaley white things on botth of leaf (they are hairs)

- Alternate simple leaves--most common plant around here

- Exotic invasive from China

- Fruits contain more lycopene than tomatoes

- Lycopene: an anti-oxident

Rosa multiflora

(Common name: multiflora rose)

- Palmately compound

- Prickles on stem: epidermis--has prickles but not thorns

- stipules are always in pairs, at the base of the leaf and attached halfway up the petuole--this is a key feature of roses (Rosa)

- Real roses have 5 petals and only masculine parts

- Exotic invasive from China

- Introduced by the soil service to stop erosion

Aesulus parviflora

(Common name: Bottlebrush buckeye)

- Opposite palmately compound leaves --> will be the only one on the quiz

- Red flowers pollenated by hummingbirds

- understory trees

- native plant

Stellaria pubera

(Common name: Giant chickweed)

- White petals

- Wildflower native to Great Smokey Mountains

- Dicot- 5 petals that are divided and so look like 10

- "Pinked" flowers--petals are clefted so they look like 10

Trillium cuneatum

- Whole Trillium genus: monocots--everything is multiples of 3

- Modelled leaves--light and bright green

- Dark red banana scented flower

- Pollenated by fruit flies who like the dark red color and the sweet smell 

Shortia galacifolia

(Common name: Oconee bells)

- leathery evergreen leaf w/ fringe petals

- White petals

- Very rare: nearly extinct in the wild

- only in the wild in S. Carolina upstate

- Related to galax--an understory herb used in floral arrangements

Rhodedendron minus

- Leaves are smaller than rosebay

- Little black dots underneath--brown scales

- Evergreen shrubs, like acidic soils like all rhododendron

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Tsuga caroliniana

(Common name: Carolina hemlock)

-Neddles stick out along twig every way--unlike Eastern hemlock which grow mostly in 2 directions

- Grow in rocky outcrops and exposed ridges vs. moist ravenes of Eastern hemlock

- Affected by the woolly adelgid fungus badly and will probably go extinct, versus the Eastern hemlock which grows far enough North (Canada) where the fungus can't survive in the cold

Ilex opaca

(Common name: American holly)

- alternate, spiked leaves

- red drupe w/ seeds

- dioecious: separate male and female plants

- most hollies are in the tropics, are known to have caffeine and are used in process of head shrinking

- caffeine: 9% dry weight is caffeine, highest concentration of caffeine w mate 2nd; binge drinking ritual initiation

- one of the best native evergreens to use as a yard screen

Lonicera japonica

(Common name: Japanese honeysuckle)

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Ligustrum sinese

(Common name: Chinese privet)

rhododendron maxiumum

- 3-8 in leaves

- fruit is a dry capsule

- simple alternate

- waxy leaves

Sanguinaria canadensis

(Bloodroot)

- Native from Nova Scotia to Florida

- one large, lobed leaf up to 5in across

- orange-red color sap

- 8-12 petals

- has been used to treat breathing disorders and as an emetic

- toxic in large amounts

Hepatica acutiloba

- simple deeply lobed leaves

- 3 leaves from plant base

- hairy flower stalk

- small flower- 12-25mm

- can grow in many conditions and soil--tolerance of limestone/alkalinity

- doctrine of signatures: lobes have 3 leaves, used to treat liver problems