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| single specimen designated as the type of a species by the original author |
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| specimen not formally designated as a type but cited along with the type collection in the original description of a species |
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| duplication of a holotype |
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| specimen later chosen as a holotype |
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| specimen stolen off a holotype |
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| after family, before specific epithet |
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| binomial nomenclature, Carl Linneus |
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Definition
| currently accepted naming system and author |
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| between class and order (-idae) |
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Definition
| traditional name is cruciferae (mustard family) |
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| subclass: usually well-developed perianth, numerous stamens, polycarpous gynoecium |
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| ranunculaceae (of magnoliidae) |
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Definition
| family: usually sheathing leaf bases, numerous stamens, superior ovary, polycarpous, fruit is usually follicle, achene, or berry. Can be zygomorphic or actinomorphic. |
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| papaveraceae (of magnoliidae) |
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Definition
| family: sap often a bright color and milky texture, actinomorphic, perfect flowers, petals crumpled in bud. Fruit usually capsule. |
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Definition
| subclass: syncarpous (fused carpels), many sympetalous. |
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| cucurbitaceae (of dilleniidae) |
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Definition
| family: usually vines with tendrils, leaves alternate, simple, and palmately lobed. Flowers actinomorphic and imperfect (A^0 OR G^0)but plants can be either monoecious or diecous. K(5) C(5). Fruit is a pepo. |
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| brassicaceae (of dilleniidae) |
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Definition
| family: leaves usually alternate, simple, exstipulate, usually with forked or stellate hairs. Flowers perfect, actinomorphic, 4-merous. K4 C4 A(4+2)G(2) Fruit silicle or silique! |
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| ericaceae (of dilleniidae) |
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Definition
| family: usually shrubs/woody perennial, prefer acidic soil. Leaves alternate, simple, extipulate, often thick and leathery. Flowers perfect actinomorphic, Urceolate or Campanulate. K and C 4-5 or (4-5), fruit is capsule, drupe, or berry. |
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| malvaceae (of dilleniidae) |
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Definition
| family: leaves alternate, simple, stipulate. Perfect actinomorphic flowers, monadelphous stamens. Petals adnate (fused) to stamen base. Gynoecium enclosed by staminal tube. Fruit loculocidal capsule or schizocarp (example: cotton) |
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| primulaceae (of dilleniidae) |
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Definition
| family: leaves basal and extipulate, flowers perfect actonomorphic, stamens opposite of petals. K(5) C(5)_A5 G(5). Fruit capsule or pyxis. |
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| salicaceae (of dilleniidae) |
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Definition
| family: trees and shrubs, leaves alternate, simple, stipulate. Flowers imperfect (A0 of G0) (plants dioecious), catkin (K0 C0). Fruit a capsule, seeds comose. |
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| loasaceae (of dilleniidae) |
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Definition
| family: leaves with course pubescence, extipulate. Flowers perfect, actinomorphic, open at dusk. K5, C 5 or 10, A5+, G(3-7). Fruit is capsule. |
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| violaceae (of dilleniidae) |
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Definition
| family: leaves alternate, stipulate. Flowers perfect, zygomorphic, often nodding pedicel. K5, Cz5, A5, G(3). Often spurred. Fruit explosive loculocidal capsule or berry. |
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