Term
| Which group of green algae is most closely related to land plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| Four characteristics that land plants share with charophytes |
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Definition
- Rings of proteins in plasma membrane
- peroxisome enzymes
-structure of flagellated sperm
-formation of phragmoplast |
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Term
| Advantage and challenge of moving to land |
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Definition
| Plenty of CO2 but acquiring water |
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Term
| Key traits of Land plants |
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Definition
-alternation of generations
-walled spores produced in sporangia
-multicellular gametengia
-aprical meristems |
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Term
| Alternation of generations? What are the two stages and their differences? |
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Definition
| Alternation of generations is a variety of life cycles. Sporophyte and Gametophyte. Gam is haploid, mitosis. spor is diploid with fusion of gametes. |
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Term
| Placental transfer cells? embryophyte? |
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Definition
| nutrients transfered through embryos. land plants are embryophytes. |
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Term
| Sporophytes. Spores? sporopollenin? Sporocyte? |
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Definition
| sporangia. spore walls contain sporopollenin. sporocyte are diploid cells. |
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Term
| Where are gametes produced in plants? define Archegonium and Antheridium. |
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Definition
Gametes are produced in the gametangia.
Archegonium - Female
Antheridium - Male |
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Term
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Definition
| Plants sustain continual growth in particular body parts |
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Term
| Additional traits of plants |
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Definition
| Waxy Cuticle - reduces water loss |
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Term
| Clades that make up seedless vascular plants and seed plants |
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Definition
Seedless - Lycophytes and Pterophytes
Seed - Gymnosperms and Angiosperms |
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Term
Phyla of nonvascular plants.
Sphorophyte and Gameteophyte? |
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Definition
Herpatophyta, anthocerophyta, bryophyta.
Gametophytes are more apperant and Sporophytes live for only a short period of time. |
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Term
| Where do moss sporophytes grow from? What does it consist of? |
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Definition
They grow in a female gametophyte.
it consists of a foot, seta, peristome. |
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Term
| Why are mosses ecologically important? |
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Definition
| They retain nitrogen, they can also be used as fuel. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Types of vascular tissue in plants. |
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Definition
Xylem - conducts most of the water and nutrients + dead cells
Phloem - Living cells |
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Term
| What does lignin provide plants? |
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Definition
| Makes water conducting cells stronger, very difficult to decompose. |
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Term
| What is the function of leaves in vascular plants? Microphyll? macrophyll? |
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Definition
Leaves provide more area for photosynthesis.
Microphylls - single vein
Megaphylls - branched vein system |
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Term
| Sporophyll? Sori? Strobilus? |
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Definition
| Sporophyll - specialized leafs that have sporangia Sori - clusters of sporangia Strobili - cone like structures |
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Term
| Homosporous and Heterosporous plants? |
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Definition
Homosporous - one type of spore
Heterosporous - Megapspores and microspores. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five Characteristics of seed plants? |
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Definition
| seeds, reduced gametophytes, heterospory, ovules, pollen |
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Term
| Where do gametophytes of seed plants develop? |
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Definition
| in spores that are retained in sporophytes |
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Term
| What is a seed? What does it develop from? what are the advantages? |
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Definition
| Embryo of the plant, they were likely homosporous before. they can survive in different enviornments. |
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Term
| Where are the seeds of gymnosperms located on a sporophyte? |
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Definition
| in sporophylls, form cones |
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Term
| What are the adaptations of gymnosperms for living in drier environments? where do they dominate? |
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Definition
Pollen, seeds, and needle shaped leaves with thick cuticles.
terrestrial environments. |
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Term
| Four phyla of gymnosperms |
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Definition
-Cycadophyta
-ginkgophyta
-gnetophyta
-coniferophyta |
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Term
| Three key features of gymnosperm life cycle? |
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Definition
- sporophyte generation is dominate
- seeds
- Transfer of sperm to ovules via pollen |
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Term
| Two key adaptations of flowering plants? (Angiosperms) |
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Definition
- Reproductive structures called fruits and flowers
- There are 250000 species |
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Term
| How are angiosperms pollinated? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Petals - attracts animals
carpels - contains egg
stamen - produces pollen grains |
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Term
| what is coevolution? How does it relate to flowers and pollinaters? |
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Definition
evolution of two species or partners
many plants have evolved with a specific animal and vice versa. |
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Term
| What is a fruit? functions? |
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Definition
A fruit is a reproductive organ.
it protects the seed and aids in dispersal. |
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Term
| Different types of fruits |
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Definition
| simple, aggregate, multiple, accessory fruit |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why is it important that flowers have parts to prevent self pollination? |
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Definition
| To make sure cross pollination occurs |
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Term
| Double fertilzation? What are the results? |
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Definition
when pollen produces 2 sperm
One fertilizes the eggm while the other combines with a cell (diploid) |
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Term
| Why are seed plants important to humans? why is it critical to keep them alive? |
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Definition
They are a source of food, fuel, and medicines
Animals and fungi would die out with the plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| A structure containing a male gametophyte in a pollen wall |
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Term
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Definition
| a seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo, some plants have two. |
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