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Definition
| An evolutionary history of an organism or a grip of organisms |
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Definition
| Traits that concentrate on structure as opposed to function |
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| Common traits among all plants |
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Definition
| Al, plants are eukaryotic, photosynthesize, have chloroplasts, are multicellular, and have cell walls |
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Definition
| (Includes moss, hornworts, liverworts, etc.) Also known as non-vascular plants are land based only. Bryophytes produce gametangia and sporangia and reproduce via spores. |
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Definition
| Generally known as ferns, seedless vascular plants have a xylem, a phylum, stems, leaves, and roots but reproduce via spores |
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Definition
| Seed producing plants (conifers, cycads, etc.) and are named after the fact that they have unenclosed seeds that often manifest in a cone. |
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Definition
| The flowering plants, angiosperms are seed producing like the gymnosperms but enclose their seed in a protective layer (i.e. fruit) and contain an endosperm within their seeds. |
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| Plant characteristics found in aquatic environments |
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Definition
| Lack of a cuticle so water absorption can take place in the leaves and a major reduction in the roots as opposed to terrestrial environments |
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| Plant characteristics found in terrestrial environments |
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Definition
| Waxy cuticle on the leaves to prevent water loss, roots that absorb water and nutrients, and a vascular system from the roots to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant |
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Term
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Definition
| Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Parenchyma |
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| Types of tissues in plants |
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Definition
| Dermal tissue, ground tissue, vascular tissue |
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Term
| Benefits of organ systems |
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Definition
| Specialization allows organs to more completely do one job and reduces the likelihood of a mistake as well as increases the efficiency of the body |
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| Relationship between organ systems, organs and tissues |
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Definition
| Tissues -> Organs -> Organ systems |
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Term
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Definition
| Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous |
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| Characteristics of epithelial tissue |
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Definition
| Line the cavities and surfaces of the structures of the body. Also makes up many glands as its functions include secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transport and detection of sensation |
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| Characteristics of connective tissue |
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Definition
| Connects all types of tissues, muscles, and bones. Broken into three main parts: cells, fibers, and extracellular matrices |
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| Characteristics of muscular tissue (and the three main types) |
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Definition
| A soft tissue that makes up all muscles and gives them the ability to contract. The three types are: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac |
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| Characteristics of nervous tissue |
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Definition
| Found in the brain, spinal cord, and all peripheral nerves. Composed of neurons which |
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Definition
| Also known as "voluntary muscle tissue" and are anchored by tendons to bones and are responsible for locomotion |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as "involuntary muscle tissue" are found in the walls of organs such as the esophagus, stomach, uterus, blood vessels, etc. and we therefore have no conscious control over them |
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Term
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Definition
| While structurally similar to the voluntary or skeletal muscle it is involuntary as per the smooth muscle and is only found in the heart. Responsible for transport of blood throughout the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as Glial cells and are non-neural cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, provide support and protection for neurons, supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons, and to remove pathogens and/or dead neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| Comprised of our skin, hair, fingernails, etc. and is in charge of protecting our bodies from the outside world, water retention, regulate temperature, detect pain, and absorb vitamin D from the sun |
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Term
| The absorption process of nutrients |
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Definition
| Most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine due to the high surface area and specialized tissues, however the stomach and large intestine absorb nutrients as well |
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Term
| Incomplete digestive tract |
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Definition
| When a single opening in an organism is in charge of both intake of nutrition and excretion of waste as is the case with some |
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Term
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Definition
| When nutrients enter via the mouth are digested throughout the alimentary canal and excreted out the anus |
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Term
| Digestive activities of: The mouth |
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Definition
| Salivary amalyse is manufactured and utilized here and is responsible for digestion of carbohydrates and starches. A large portion of the mechanical digestion takes place here and is called chewing |
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Term
| Digestive activities of: The stomach |
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Definition
| Produces pepsinogen, gastric & lingual lipase, and hydrochloric acid all of which aid in d=the digestion and absorption of lipids and proteins |
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Term
| Digestive activities of: The small intestine (and accessory organs ______, __________, and _______) |
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Definition
| Three parts (in order): Duodenum (in which the chyme from the stomach mixes with bile, pancreatic juices, and intestinal juices), Jejunum, and Lleum. The accessory organs are the liver, the gall bladder, and the pancreas which produce bile, store and release bile, and produce store and release hormones and enzymes respectively |
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| Digestive activities of: The large intestine (and its relationship with bacteria) |
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Definition
| Here most essential nutrients have been absorbed and any remaining saccharides and fluids |
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Definition
| The "typical" plant cell because it is unspecialized which store, synthesize, and metabolize organic compounds |
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Definition
| Mainly used for weak support in plants due to the lack of a secondary cell wall and absence of the usual hardening agent found in other cells |
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Definition
| Used for rigid support as these cells lack a secondary cell wall but possess the hardening agent of most cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in the xylem and is used for rigid structure due to the fact that they possess the hardening agent of most cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in the phloem and conducts organic nutrients throughout the plant |
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Term
| Meristems (Apical vs. Lateral) |
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Definition
| Sites of the plant where growth can occur via mitosis. Apical-> Primary growth & Lateral -> Secondary growth |
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Definition
| Growth of a lengthly nature, making the plant longer or taller |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth of a girthy nature making the plant wider in diameter |
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