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Definition
| A one cell thick layer of meristematic cells, forms secondary xylem inward and secondary phloem outward. |
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| Lengthens shoots and roots by the activity of apical meristems. |
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| Consists of meristems, or unspecialized dividing cells. Functions in primary growth. |
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| Consists of meristems, or unspecialized dividing cells. Functions in secondary growth. |
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| Have thick lignified secondary walls and function as the primary supporting elements of a plant. Lose their protoplasms and are dead at maturity. Contain fibers and sclereid cells. |
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| Most abundant least specialized cells, perform most metabolic functions, have thin primary walls, and no secondary walls. Can differentiate into other types of cells. |
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| One of the cell types found in the xylem. Constitute the main water transport systems of the plant. Are dead at maturity but the lignified cell wall still exists. |
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| Have unevenly thickened primary walls, occur in strands and cylinders, elongate as stems and leaves grow. Support young plants without restraining their growth. Maintain their protoplasms. |
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| Makes cork to protect the stem from surface damage and infection. |
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| Consists of 3 types- Parenchyma, Sclerenchyma, and Collenchyma. |
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| Are a type of elongated parenchyma cells found in the phloem. Their primary function is to transport food up and down the plant. Are alive at maturity. Are each associated with a companion cell. Are a type of Parenchyma. |
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| Outer covering functions in protection. |
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| Thickens shoots and roots by the activity of the lateral meristems. |
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| Includes xylem and phloem. Involved in the transportation of food, water and minerals. |
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| One kind of cell type found in the xylem. Similar to vessel elements, transport water and minerals, and are dead at maturity. Also provide some structural support. |
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Definition
| One Cotyledon, leaf veins parallel, vascular bundles in complex arrangement, floral parts in multiples of 3, fibrous root system. Orchids, palms, bamboos, most grain producing crops. |
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Definition
| A homogenous (liquid) matrix found in the plastid. |
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| Common in red fruits and petals. Carotenoid pigments are incorporated into filamentous tubules. |
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Definition
| An internal membrane system found in the plastid surrounded by stroma. Many thylakoids form granum. Main site for photosynthetic light reactions. |
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Definition
| The site of manufacturing and storage of starch and other important compounds important to the cell. Primary cells for photosynthesis. May have evolved by endosymbiosis. Three main type, chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts. Are found in mesophyll cells. |
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Definition
| Occurs in petals. Is characterized by concentric carotenoid containing membranes. |
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| Stacks of disk like thylakoids. |
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Definition
| Are pigmented plastids. Lack chlorophyll but have carotenoid pigments. Are responsible for coors. Four main types: Globular, Membranous, Tubular and Crystalline. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments. Occur in green plant parts, especially in leaves. Are found in mesophyll cells. The number of chloroplasts in a single mesophyll cell varies but is usually between 50-150. |
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Definition
| Are nonpigmented plastids. Act as storage. Three main types, Amyloplasts, Proteinoplast, and Elaioplast. |
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Definition
| In Carrots and Tomatos. Contain crystalline inclusions of pure carotene. |
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Definition
| Store starch grains. 2 types - simple and compound. A branched molecule which is less soluble in water than amylose. |
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| Common in petals and yellow fruits. Carotenoid-bearing components are globular and in the peripheral stroma. |
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Definition
| Sites of pigment deposition. Are water soluble and are responsible for the colors of many fruits and flowers. Are also involved in the breakdown of macromolecules and the recycling of components within the cell, such as in leaves in autumn. Found throughout the plant but concentrated around the epidermis. |
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Definition
| Formed in chloroplasts (during the day), than broken down into sugars (at night) which are than transported to storage cells. Broken down to glucose or fructose during ripening. |
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Definition
| Are compounds stored by plant cells such as storage products or waste. Include starch proteins oils tannins and crystals. Occur in several organelles. May appear, disappear and reappear at different times. Form visible structures. |
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Definition
| Are common in fruits and seeds. Form the outermost endosperm layer in some cereals. Store proteins. Initially break up to small vacuoles which in turn are converted into protein bodies. When digested the small vacuoles may fuse to form a large one. |
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Definition
| A type of starch grain. A branched molecule which is less soluble in water than amylose. |
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| Function primarily as protection of unripened fruits and other plant tissue. They are broken down during ripening to glucose or fructose. |
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Definition
| The combination of simple pit and bordered pit. |
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Definition
| A pit without a border, in parenchyma, fibers, and sclereids. |
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Definition
| Usually develop in vacuoles but are also found in the cell wall and cuticle. |
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Definition
| Are a group of polysaccharides that hold cellulose microfibrils together by forming hydrogen bonds. Are found in the primary wall. |
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Definition
| A pit possessing an extension of secondary cell wall, or border, overarching the pit cavity. |
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Definition
| The principle component of plant walls. Are grouped into microfibrils, which are grouped into macrofibrils which compose the three layered secondary wall. |
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Definition
| Are chemically diverse polysaccharides, are found in the primary wall. |
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Definition
| The wall formed first. Has randomly oriented microfibrils. |
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Definition
| Depressions in primary cell walls. Contain Plasmodesmata. |
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Definition
| Comprised of cellulose molecules grouping together. |
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Definition
| A type of structural parenchyma which form large intercellular spaces important in aerating plants, particularly in waterlogged soils or aquatic habitats. |
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Definition
| Form of the epidermis covering the primary plant body. Separates the internal tissue from the external environment. Also form the Endodermis which occurs between the cortex and the vascular tissue. |
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Definition
| The primary tissue involved in storing nutrients such as starch, proteins, and oils. |
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Definition
| Is the tissue involved in efficient nutrient transports. Contains transfer cells which make short distance nutrient transfer efficient. |
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Definition
| Have dense protoplasts, and are rich in organelles related to synthesis of secreted substances such as gels. |
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Definition
| Wall thickenings are localized in the corners of the cell. |
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Definition
| Wall thickening occurs to the inner and outer tangential walls. |
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Definition
| Has relatively uniformly thickened walls. Common in stems of Labiatae and Umbelliferae and in the petioles of Araliaceae and Magnoliaceae. |
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Definition
| Parenchyma leaves found in the mesophyll of leaves. Have chloroplasts. |
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Definition
| A modified form of angular collenchyma. Intercellular spaces are present and the wall thickenings are most pronounced adjacent to the intercellular spaces. Common in Asteraceae species. |
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Definition
| Usually isodiametric or a litle elongated in shape. Example: Stone cells (very hard). |
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Definition
| Bone Cells. Columnar with enlarged ends. |
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Definition
| Star cells. Have arms or lobes diverging from a central body. Thick cell walls. |
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Definition
| Internal hair-like sclereids with thin cell walls. |
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Definition
| Long slender cells resembling fibers. |
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Definition
| The branches may invade the intercellular spaces and/or force their ways between the walls of other cells. |
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Definition
| Phloem fibers of dicots. Examples: Hemp, Jute, Flax, Ramie. |
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Definition
| The fibers of monocots (usually from leaves). Examples: Manila hemp, Bowstring hemp, Sisal. |
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Definition
| Rod Cells. Elongated or columnar in shape. |
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Definition
| Include phloem fibers of the dicots and the fibers of the monocots. |
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Definition
| The main body of a developing sclereid may grow at the same rate with it's neighboring cells. |
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Definition
| A type of Parenchyma that has secondary walls. Occurs between Sclerenchyma and Parenchyma. |
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