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Definition
| Assigning decision-making responsibility to subunits, usually takes form of field-service operations or division of tasks through specialization. Encourages responsible participation by lesser officials. |
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Term
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| Latin for "by virtue of office." Many people hold a poisition on a board or agency due to the fact that they hold a related position. So governors are usually on many state boards due to their governor-ship. Serves to coordinate efforts of related agencies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Decentralized administration in a local or regional branch office of a federal or state agency. Under the control of central office in DC or in state capital. Most government work conducted through field offices (85%). Pose a problem for secure coordination of activity and responsibility. |
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Term
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Definition
| Designation of rank and salary in classified civil service (government workers). Classifies jobs according to required skills and duties rather than individuals holding them (so all in a certain level get the same pay). Opportunities and pay tend to be competative at lower levels. |
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Term
| Independent Regulatory Commission |
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Definition
| Agency outside the major executive departments that regulates important aspects of the economy. Possess vast authority to determine individual and property rights. Established beacuse of complexity of modern economic problems. Members appointed by President with Senate's consent. |
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Definition
| Powers exerted by agencies that have characteristics of judicial act. Administrative agencies exercise them when conduct hearings and make decisions with the force of law. "Quasi" means "seemingly". |
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Term
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Definition
| Powers exercised by administrative agencies that have characteristics of a legislative act. Numerous agencies authorised to issue rules/regulations with force of law. Legislature delegates these to fill the details of the legislative branch. "Quasi" means "seemingly". |
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Term
| Federal Labor Relations Authority |
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Definition
| Adgency that administers federal service labor-management relations. FLRA consists of three members for five-year terms. Supervises and oversees. The strong FLRA reflects the government's awareness of growing imporance of public employee unions. |
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