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| A photosynthetic organelle in plant cells |
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| The outer layer of cells on a plant that protects the inner cells. |
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| The tissue in a plant through which food is processed |
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| Anything that causes an increase of activity in an organism or any of it’s parts |
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| Movement triggered by a stimulus in an organism |
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| The small veins inside a root |
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| All of these terms are important to my experiment because in my research for this project they often were came up, and were described not only important in terms of plants but as well as the description of gravitropism, and what it's processes are on a much more detailed scale |
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SLIDE #2
I hoped to do my project based on the idea of gravitropism because I wanted to discover a unique way to grow plants that could help fellow gardeners such as myself discover a better way to help flourish larger and brighter plant then ever before. |
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SLIDE #3 BACKGROUND INFO (1):
Roots grow small hairs that absorb the water. Then, the epidermis will take in the water and pass it through the vascular rays of a root until it reaches the stele. In the stele, xylem are located in that will spread the water throughout the plant. Xylem are able to pull water up through the cell by a transpirational pull, which is caused by evaporation of water from the cells to the atmosphere |
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Slide #3 BACKGROUND INFO (2):
What nutrients in soil best promote plant growth? Well, the 13 most important nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, iron, chloride, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc. |
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Slide #3 BACKGROUND INFO (3):
What is the best way to measure growth in plants?
There are two ways that you can use that are often considered the best. The first is that to measure the physical height growth of a plant with a ruler. However, if you want to measure the weight of an object, dehydration is the most accurate way to go about measuring the plant. |
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Slide #3 BACKGROUND INFO (4):
What plants best respond to gravitropism?
Well, gravitropism's effects all depend on the amount of Auxin a plant contains. All plants contain Auxin, but small flowering plants such as the Arabidopsis that belongs in the Brassicaceae (Brass-ic-ace-eye) family and small fungi contain more auxin then other plants, so gravitropism will better affect them then other plants. |
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Slide #3 BACKGROUND INFO (5):
How does gravitropism usually affect plants?
Normally, the only noticable affect of gravitropism is that it may cause the plant to grow in a different angle other then right side up. For example, if the plant is grown at an angle, the plant may grow slanted. |
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SLIDE #4 HYPOTHESIS:
If a plant is grown in any other direction other then right side up, then the plant will grow larger then if it were grown right side up |
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SLIDE #5 DESIGN DIAGRAM (1):
For my design diagram, i used arabidopsis seeds and paper-daisy seeds as my level, and for level I used 150 seeds each. That being 50 seeds for each specific angle the plant was being grown at |
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SLIDE #5 DESIGN DIAGRAM (2):
My Independent variable was the direction the plant was being grown in, while the dependent variable was the growth of the plants in ounces. My constants were the arabidopsis and paper-daisy seeds being grown right-side up. |
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SLIDE #5 DESIGN DIAGRAM (3):
My controls were the soil used for the plants, where the seeds were placed in the egg carton, the location of the egg cartons, the amount of water given to the plants, the amount of sunlight the plants were exposed to, the same seller of seeds, the same string being used to hold the plants up at an angle, the same plastic wrap being used for the egg cartons, and the same of day the water is given to the plants |
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Slide #6 MATERIALS:
150 Arabidopsis seeds
150 paper-Daisie seeds
6 cardboard/plastic egg cartons
Miracle-Gro brand potting soil
Tape
Strong String
Ruler
An indoor window with a wide ledge and walls
A working counter, scale that can measure in ounces, pen, scissors, oven, baking sheet, and notebook for recording data. |
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SLIDE #7 PROCEDURE:
Well, first you'll want to be a cup 1/2 of soil into each carton, precisely 1/4 cup of soil spread among two holders of a carton.
Then, with 50 arabidopsis seeds, put 4 seeds in each holder except for the two last holders on the end, where you want to put 5 seeds in instead of 4. Do this process with two more of the cartons and the remaining arabidopsis seeds.
You then want to do that whole step of seed placement with the last three egg cartons and the paper daisy seeds.
Then, you want to measure plastic wrap to go over the cartons so that each end of the plastic wrap is two inches longer on each side then the carton. Put one on each egg carton, and cut holes out above the plant on the cartons growing right side up and at a 45 degree angle.
Then, cute 4 3-inch peices of string. On one of the carton with arabidopsis seeds, put tape two of those strings to the end of the carton. With a helper and protractor, angle the carton against the side of the wall of the window sill so it is resting against the wall at a 45 degree angle, and then other ends of the strings taped to the wall. Repeat this step with one of the cartons with paper-daisy seeds is it.
Then, cute 8 3-inch length strings. Tape one string each corner of the arapidopsis carton that will be hanging upside down. Then, with a helper, hang the carton upside down by taping the other ends of the string to the top wall of the windowsill. Then, using the scissors, cut of the bottoms of the egg cartons (that should now be turned up) so the plant will be able to get sun and water.
Repeat these steps the the paper daisy carton that will be hanging upside down and the remaining four pieces of string.
Everyday for two weeks water then at 3:30 in the afternoon with a half of cup of water. To dehydrate them, at the end of two weeks, put them in the oven at 100 degrees for 8 hours. Take them out, weight them with your scale, and write down your findings! |
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SLIDE #8 DATA:
I could not fit all 300 trials onto one slide, so I put 10 trials of each onto this slide, because it still gives a good glance at the data found. For each independant variable, each trial stayed around the same found weight. All the daisies grown upside down stayed within the 4.85-4.95 ounce range, same for the arabidopsis. This was the same for the other trails of different independent variables. |
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Slide #9 AVERAGES (1):
Theses are all the averages of my trails, the average for the plant grown at 45 degree slope the lowest, upside down the highest. |
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SLIDE #9 AVERAGES (2):
To find the averages, I added all of the weights of each independent variable of trials, then divided by the number I weighed for each; 50. |
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SLIDE #10 STATISTICS (1):
I did Chi2 for my statistics, and I did it based off of the averages of each of the different seeds and the independent variables that went along with it. My null hypothesis for the arabidopsis seeds was that "if I measure the average growth of arabidopsis seeds grown at different angles, I would no find no difference between the average growth of each". In the end I rejected my null hypothesis. |
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SLIDE #10 STATISTICS (2):
I did the similar process with the averages of the paper-daisies. My null hypothesis was if I measure the average growth of paper-daisies seeds grown at different angles, I would no find no difference between the average growth of each". In the end, I again rejected the null hypothesis. |
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SLIDE #11 CONCLUSIONS:
I discovered my hypothesis was neither correct or incorrect, because the plants that grew upside down grew the best, the ones that grew at a 45 degree angle grew the worst. I can guess this was because the plants grew at an incline, and it was harder for the plant to pull the water through the plant because of it. |
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SLIDE #12 EXTENSIONS:
To improve on this experiment, I would give the plants a longer trial period to grow, give the plants more exposure to sunlight, grow the plants in a warmer season like summer or late spring, and grow plants better suited for the season.
To build on the experiment, I would next test the effect of gravitropism on the growth of plant trees. I would do this as to test gravitropism on a larger scale as well as over a longer period of time. |
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