Term
| Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet 1800's |
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Definition
| Taught deaf children to communicate via finger spelling and gestures. Helped open 1st school for the deaf. |
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Term
| Samuel Gridley Howe 1800's |
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Definition
| Believed disabled children could learn and be educated and not just held in custodial care. |
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Definition
| Founded mental illness hospitals. Founded schools for blind and minimal cerebral dysfunctional persons. Advocated government role in caring for mentally ill. |
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Definition
| Demonstrated blind children could learn via alternative methods. Simplified concept of raised dots and published book on braille. |
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Term
| Alexander Graham Bell 1800's |
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Definition
| Had idea that hard of hearing children could be helped via amplification and learn to speak. |
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Definition
| Research showed intelligence could be measured and improved with education. Partner with Theodore Simon to create Binet-Simon Scale. First to use mental age as a measurement for intelligence. Term IQ was suggested by Lewis Terman |
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Term
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Definition
| Despite being blind and deaf, she became leading figure campaigning for human rights and world peace. |
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Definition
| Applied psychoanalysis to children who had emotional problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Research showed some children had unique patterns of learning disabilities and required special training. In the 1940's LD were shown to be different from disabled. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neurologist identified dyslexia. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Ortho-Gillingham Identified 3 ways of learning: motor memory, auditory and intelligence. Emphasized teaching approach vs method which allowed for different materials. The Ortho-Gillingham multisensory approach is still used today. |
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Term
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Definition
| Special Educator pioneered Visual Auditory Kinesthetic Tactile (VAKT) instruction. Fernald Technique centers on teaching sight words one at a time holistically using all four input modalities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used the term LD to differentiate students from low achievers or mentally disabled. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased scientific investigation via federal mandate. Sister was mentally disabled. |
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Term
| Marianne Frostig 1960-1970's |
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Definition
| Multidimensional Interdisciplinary Assessment tests to determine child's developmental status in motor skills and perception. Approach was discredited but her work maintained interest in special education. |
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Term
| Newell Kephert 1960-1970's |
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Definition
| Pioneer in field of "perceptual motor theories" for LD children. Wrote "The slow learner in the classroom". |
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Term
| William Cruickshank 1970's |
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Definition
| Researcher on perceptual motor theory. Wrote books on educational planning for children with brain injuries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Advocated placement of mildly disabled children in regular classes. Use societal factors to determine the education needed. Assessment needed to be nondiscriminatory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proposed concept of cascading services favoring individualized student centered education. Blueprint for continuum of placement options that is part of current law. |
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Term
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Definition
| Advocate for "Special Education Contract" to safeguard incorrect permanent placement in exceptional education. Ideas formed foundation for IEP and due process hearing. |
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