Term
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Definition
bark smooth and gray on young trees, forms plates/fissures on old trees to 1.5’ thick – not fire resistant
deep, wide spreading root system
•leaves persistent 3-4 years, glaucous, blue-green, stomatal lines on inner surfaces.
Seed cones 4-10” long, cone scales thin, somewhat reflexed, umbo unarmed, tan
apophysis with slightly pointed apex. Seed wings about ½” shorter than scales
Intermediate in shade tolerance – with Thuja plicata, Tsuga heterophylla
Occupies forests with ample moisture on the Pacific slope and Sierras and disjunct in the
northern Rockies. Typically a montane species
Severely impacted by white pine blister rus |
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Term
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Definition
large tree native to the northeastern deciduous zone; leaves in fascicles of 5; seed cones ~6” long, cone scales thin, umbo terminal,
unarmed |
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Term
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Definition
| large tree common in the mid elevation forests in the Sierra Nevada; leaves in fascicles of 5, twisted; seed cones often ~15” long |
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Term
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Definition
| subalpine/timberline tree; leaves in fascicles of 5; seed cones ~2” long, serotinous; seeds large and wingless |
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Definition
) medium to large tree with ovoid crown native to the northeastern deciduous zone; leaves in fascicles of 2, 4-6” long; bark
composed of reddish brown plates, flaky |
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Term
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Definition
cultivated tree native to Eurasia; bark gray and furrowed on lower trunk, papery-scaly and orange-brown on upper
trunk; leaves in fascicles of 2, 2-3” long; seed cones stalked, ~2” long, often pointing towards base of branch |
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Term
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Definition
Native to Eurasia, mostly more southern latitudes
May reach 150’ tall, 2’ diameter.
Bark is gray brown, furrowed into irregularly shaped scaly plates
Leaves in fascicles of 2, 3.5”-6” long, stiff, dark green – do not “snap” like Pinus resinosa.
Seed cones 2-3” long, yellow-brown with keeled cone scales, umbo with deciduous prickle. Cones not serotinous and shed at maturity (not retained). |
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Term
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Definition
| large tree, widespread in western North America; leaves 5” long, mostly in fascicles of 3, but fascicle number is variable throughout its range; seed cones 3-5” long, apophysis armed with slender prickle. |
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Term
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Definition
Occupies slopes in the Siskyous and Sierras from 6000’-9000’
90’100’ tall and 3-5’ in diameter at maturity on favorable sites
• Bark composed of scaly, irregularly shaped plates diided by fissures and is cinnamon-red
to purple on mature trees.
• Leaves are blue-green with stomatal lines on all surfaces – fascicles of 3
Seed cones are 5-10” long, yellow-brown to red-brown. Scales with a thickened apophysis, transversely keeled, umbo armed with stout, incurved prickle (curved back towards cone axis) |
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Term
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Definition
mountain slopes of the southern California coast and Baja California, Mexico from 3500’ to 7000’
Shade intolerant and grows slowly
40’-50’ tall and 15-30” diameter.
bark dark gray, composed of scaly ridges divided by deep furrows
Leaves in fascicles of 3, 6-12” long, gray-green, rigid, sharp-pointed with stomatal bands on all sides. Persistent 3-4 years.
Seed cones 8-14” long, yellow-brown, persistent for several years. Cone scales thickened, 4-sided and keeled above (less so, and below), apophysis rhomboidal and terminates in very stout, flattened sharp claw.
seeds with very hard coat and long wing – ie, seed shorter than wing. Look for this character in the scar left by the seed and wing on the upper surface of scale.
The heaviest cone of any conifer 4-6 lbs when green. |
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Term
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Definition
dry foothills and mountain slopes of the California coast ranges and the
west slope of the Sierras from 1000-3000’
pure, park-like stands
Fire intolerant
Native Americans harvested seeds and the sweet inner bark of the roots.
40-50’ tall and 1-2’ diameter at maturity
Typically forking trunk with open branching and an irregularly shaped, round topped crown.
Bark is light gray and smooth on younger trees but scaly, furrowed and red-brown on older trees
Leaves in fascicles of 3, 6-13” long, gray-green, many stoamatal bands, flexible, persistent 3-4 years
Seed cones 6-10” long, yellow-brown, persistent for several years. Cone scales thickened, 4-sided and keeled above, apophysis rhomboidal, terminating in stout, flattened, sharp claw
Seeds with hard coat and short wing – ie, seed longer than wing. Look for this character in the scar left by the seed and wing on the upper surface of scale |
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Term
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Definition
| Fleshy, indehiscent, single seeded fruit (hard stoney ayer around seed) |
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Term
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Definition
| dry, single seeded, indehiscent, fruit and seed wall fused |
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Term
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Definition
| Dry, indehiscent, 1 carpel, with wing |
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Term
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Definition
| Dry, dehiscent, 1 carpel, opens on 1 side |
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Term
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Definition
Occupies rocky soils on exposed mountain slopes of the subalpine zone to timberline in Great Basin
May reach 20-40’ tall and 1-1.5’ in diameter on good sites, Appears more shrublike,twisted and stunted at higher elevations on exposed sites.
May live >2500 years or >5000
Leaves, blue-green, stout, blunt pointed, fascicles of 5 (mostly), stomata above, grooved
below, conspicuous white resin. Fascicles long persistent – 20 years – and arranged
on stem like hair on a fox’s tail – foxtail pine.
Seed cones 2.5”-3.75” long, brown with slender, round-based cone scales and bristled umbo |
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Term
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Definition
small tree commonly associated with Juniperus spp. in the great basin; leaves in fascicles of 2; seed cones squat, 1.5” long; seeds
large and wingless. |
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Term
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Definition
small tree commonly associated with Juniperus osteosperma in northern Utah; leaves in fascicles of 1; seed cones squat,
1.5” long; seeds large and wingless |
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Term
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Definition
| 100’ tree in the Rockies of Wyoming; leaves in fascicles of 2; seed cones ~2” long, asymmetrical, serotinous. |
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Term
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Definition
s mostly in pure stands and mixed with birches and aspens on dry, sandy, acidic soils
Very shade intolerant,
70-80’ tall, 12-15” diameter on best sites, but often stunted and scrubby on poor soils or open habitats.
Bark is reddish-brown to dark gray, scaly and divided into ridges.
Leaves in fascicles of 2, ¾”-2” long, yellow-green, stout, concave or flat on the inner surface – sometimes in fascicles of 3 near the leader.
Seed cones 1”-2.25” long, brown, curved with apex pointing toward limb tip.
Apophysis rounded with no or very minute prickle.
Seotinous in the northern part of
range |
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Term
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Definition
Appalachian species occurring on variable soils, but capable of colonizing poor soils of abandoned farmland and strip mines.
May reach 40’-70’ tall, 1’-1.5’ diameter at maturity. Retains branches.
Bark is thin and smooth on young trees, red-brown, scaly and plated on older trees.
Leaves in fascicles of 2, ¾” – 3” long, gray-green to yellow-green
Seed cones 1.25-2.75” long, light brown with reddish-brown apophysis and a prominent prickle. Not serotinous but may remain on tree for 3-4 years. |
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Term
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Definition
subalpine/timberline tree; leaves in fascicles of 5; seed cones open at maturity, ~4” long with gold colored apophyses
and terminal umbo; seed wells large. |
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